v0.4.0 harden jwt, scram, credential handling, remove legacy adapters

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+name: test
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [main]
+  pull_request:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11d5960a326750d5838078e36cf38b85af677262 # v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@40f1582b2485089dde7abd97c1529aa768e1baff # v5
+        with:
+          go-version: '1.26.x'
+      - run: go vet ./...
+      - run: go test -race -count=1 ./...
+      - name: Bounded fuzz smoke tests
+        env:
+          GOMAXPROCS: '2'
+        run: |
+          set -eu
+          for target in FuzzParsePHC FuzzVerifyPassword FuzzImportCredential FuzzValidateToken FuzzParseBearerToken FuzzScramServerMessages FuzzScramClientMessages; do
+            go test -run '^$' -fuzz "^${target}$" -fuzztime=10s -parallel=2
+          done

README.md

@@ -1,66 +1,202 @@
-# Auth Package
+# auth
 
-Modular authentication utilities for Go applications.
+Small, independent authentication components for Go 1.26+: Argon2id password
+hashing, Argon2-SCRAM, HS256/RS256 JWTs, and opaque token validation.
 
-## Features
+## Argon2-SCRAM
 
-- **Password Hashing**: Standalone Argon2id hashing with PHC format.
-- **JWT**: HS256/RS256 token management via a simple facade over `golang-jwt`.
-- **SCRAM-SHA256**: Client/server implementation with Argon2id KDF.
-- **HTTP Auth**: Helpers for parsing Basic and Bearer authentication headers.
+This is a **package-specific JSON challenge/response protocol using Argon2id and
+HMAC-SHA256**, not standard SASL SCRAM-SHA-256. Both peers must implement this
+protocol. It does not implement SASLprep or TLS channel binding. Use authenticated
+TLS (HTTPS/WSS for HTTP/WebSocket transports), including server certificate and
+hostname verification. SCRAM does not encrypt subsequent application traffic.
 
-## Usage
+Provision directly; do not create a PHC hash just to convert it:
 
 ```go
-// Argon2 Password Hashing
-hash, _ := auth.HashPassword("password123")
-err := auth.VerifyPassword("password123", hash)
-
-// JWT with HS256
-jwtMgr, _ := auth.NewJWT([]byte("a-very-secure-32-byte-secret-key"))
-token, _ := jwtMgr.GenerateToken("user123", map[string]any{"role": "admin"})
-userID, claims, _ := jwtMgr.ValidateToken(token)
-
-// SCRAM authentication
-server := auth.NewScramServer()
-defer server.Stop()
-phcHash, _ := auth.HashPassword("password123")
-cred, _ := auth.MigrateFromPHC("user", "password123", phcHash)
-server.AddCredential(cred)
+cred, err := auth.NewCredential(username, password)
+if err != nil {
+    return err
+}
+// Persist cred.Export() in protected storage, then load with ImportCredential.
+if err := server.AddCredential(cred); err != nil {
+    return err
+}
 ```
 
-### SCRAM contract notes
+For a service, construct `server` using
+`NewScramServerWithDecoyKey(decoyKey)` and handle its error. Provision and persist
+at least 32 random bytes for this key, separately from credentials. Reuse it across
+restarts and all replicas sharing the credential database. `NewScramServer()`
+remains available for single-instance use, but its random key changes unknown-user
+salts on every restart, which can reveal account existence to repeated probes.
+Always call `server.Stop()` at shutdown.
 
-- Unknown usernames succeed at `ProcessClientFirstMessage` and fail at
-  `ProcessClientFinalMessage` with `ErrInvalidCredentials`. This is deliberate
-  user-enumeration protection. Do not log the first message as an auth success.
-- Decoy Argon2 parameters mirror the most recently added credential. Provision
-  all credentials in a deployment with identical parameters, or the decoy shape
-  becomes a distinguisher.
-- Passwords are bounded by `MaxPasswordLen` (1024 bytes) at every KDF entry
-  point.
+The exchange is:
 
-## Package Structure
+1. Client: `NewScramClient(username, password)` then `StartAuthentication()`.
+2. Server: `ProcessClientFirstMessage(first.Username, first.ClientNonce)`.
+3. Client: `ProcessServerFirstMessage(challenge)`.
+4. Server: `ProcessClientFinalMessage(proof.FullNonce, proof.ClientProof)`.
+5. Client: `VerifyServerFinalMessage(final)` before accepting login or any token
+   delivered with it.
 
-- `doc.go` - Overview and package documentation
-- `argon2.go` - Standalone Argon2id password hashing
-- `jwt.go` - JWT manager (HS256/RS256) wrapping `golang-jwt`
-- `scram.go` - SCRAM-SHA256 client/server protocol
-- `http.go` - HTTP Basic/Bearer header parsing
-- `token.go` - Simple in-memory token validator
-- `error.go` - Centralized error definitions
+Clients reject costs below 64 MiB and 3 iterations by default, preventing a
+hostile server from requesting a cheaply guessable password proof. For a trusted
+deployment with a different profile, pass `WithMinArgonCost(iterations, memoryKiB)`
+to `NewScramClient`. Choose this policy locally; never copy it from a challenge.
+Invalid minimum configuration is rejected by `StartAuthentication`.
 
-## Testing
+Check every error and abort the exchange on failure. Only a successful **server
+final** authenticates a user; use its `Username`, never a separate identity from
+an untrusted request. Bind the exchange to its connection/request context in the
+application. See [example_test.go](example_test.go) for a complete exchange.
 
-```bash
-go test ./... -race -count=1
-go test ./... -run '^$' -bench . -benchmem
+`ScramServer` is safe for concurrent use. Each `ScramClient` belongs to one
+exchange and must not be shared concurrently. Starting again discards previous
+state. Challenges and final messages are single-use; errors consume client state.
+`Reset` clears transient keys while retaining the public username/password fields
+for retry. Secret clearing is best effort; Go strings and runtime copies cannot
+be reliably erased.
 
-# fuzz targets (run individually)
-go test -run '^$' -fuzz FuzzParsePHC -fuzztime 60s
-go test -run '^$' -fuzz FuzzVerifyPassword -fuzztime 60s
-go test -run '^$' -fuzz FuzzImportCredential -fuzztime 60s
-go test -run '^$' -fuzz FuzzValidateHS256Token -fuzztime 60s
-go test -run '^$' -fuzz FuzzParseBasicAuth -fuzztime 30s
+All credentials in a server must share Argon2 parameters and salt length;
+`AddCredential` returns `ErrSCRAMCredentialProfile` otherwise. Load the full
+credential set before accepting traffic and use identical profiles on replicas.
+Unknown users receive stable decoy challenges and fail at the proof step with
+`ErrInvalidCredentials`, as wrong passwords do. This reduces enumeration signals;
+it is not a guarantee against statistical timing analysis. Application responses,
+registration, logging, and rate limits must not disclose account existence.
+
+`AddCredential` validates and copies its input; check the returned error.
+Replacement and `RemoveCredential(username)` invalidate pending handshakes for
+that user. They do not revoke already issued JWTs or application sessions.
+`Stop` discards pending handshakes and rejects further authentication.
+
+## Password hashing and migration
+
+`HashPassword(password, opts...)` returns an Argon2id PHC record.
+`VerifyPassword(password, phc)` verifies it. New passwords must contain 8–1024
+**bytes**; applications should apply their own password policy. Verification and
+explicit `DeriveCredential` allow older shorter passwords. Defaults are 64 MiB,
+3 iterations, 4 lanes, a random 16-byte salt, and a 32-byte digest. Do not use the
+low-cost test parameters in production.
+
+`WithTime`, `WithMemory` (KiB), and `WithThreads` configure hashing or
+`NewCredential`; zero options retain defaults. All KDF entry points reject
+invalid or excessive parameters before allocation. Existing short PHC salts of
+8–15 bytes remain verifiable but cannot be migrated to SCRAM; reset/re-enroll
+those credentials with fresh salts.
+
+`MigrateFromPHC(username, password, phc)` verifies the password and derives a
+SCRAM credential, normally reusing the single KDF result. A non-32-byte PHC
+digest requires a second derivation. After migration, remove the old PHC record
+unless it is still needed by a separate authentication path: its digest is the
+salted password from which both SCRAM keys can be derived.
+
+`ValidatePHCHashFormat` checks syntax, encoding, and structural parameter limits
+without running the KDF. A syntactically valid record may still exceed execution
+limits. PHC and SCRAM base64 fields must be canonical, with no CR/LF.
+
+## JWTs
+
+Create one manager per key and service policy, then reuse it concurrently:
+
+```go
+manager, err := auth.NewJWT(secret, // at least 32 cryptographically random bytes
+    auth.WithIssuer("lixen-auth"),
+    auth.WithAudience([]string{"vi-fighter"}),
+    auth.WithTokenLifetime(15*time.Minute),
+    auth.WithLeeway(0))
+if err != nil {
+    return err
+}
+token, err := manager.GenerateToken(userID, map[string]any{"session_id": sessionID})
+if err != nil {
+    return err
+}
+subject, claims, err := manager.ValidateToken(token)
+// Check err, then authorize subject and the application claims for this action.
 ```
 
+Generation uses `sub`, `exp`, `iat`, `nbf`, and configured `iss`/`aud`. Application
+claims remain nested under `extra` and cannot overwrite registered claims.
+Validation requires expiration and a nonempty subject, validates `nbf` and `iat`
+when present, pins the signing algorithm, and enforces configured issuer and
+**any matching audience**. No identity/claims are returned on failure.
+Use `errors.Is` with package errors. `ErrTokenMissingClaim` covers missing or
+mismatched issuer/audience; `ErrTokenNotYetValid` also covers future `iat`.
+
+For logwisp and vi-fighter, use distinct audiences and verify them at each
+service; use separate keys where trust differs. With HS256, every verifier can
+mint tokens. For separate signing and verification trust, use
+`NewJWTRSA(privateKey)` and `NewJWTVerifier(publicKey)` with the same claim policy.
+RSA keys must be valid and at least 2048 bits. PEM constructors accept PKCS#1 or
+PKCS#8 private keys and PKCS#1 or PKIX public keys. Constructors copy keys and
+audiences; create a new manager for rotation and synchronize its replacement in
+the application. Options are for construction only.
+
+The default lifetime is 24 hours and the existing clock leeway is **5 minutes**,
+including after expiration. Explicitly set `WithLeeway(0)` or a small justified
+skew for new services. Expiry does not revoke an otherwise valid JWT on logout:
+check a persisted session or a revocation policy when immediate revocation is
+required. Do not place passwords, credential keys, or secrets in JWT claims;
+JWT payloads are readable by the holder.
+
+The unscoped one-off helpers `GenerateHS256Token` and `ValidateHS256Token` were
+removed in v0.5.0; their only consumer (chess) now uses a scoped manager. Migrate
+by constructing one `NewJWT` manager with an explicit issuer, audience, lifetime,
+and leeway, then calling `GenerateToken`/`ValidateToken`. Application claims keep
+the same nested `extra` JSON shape. Tokens minted by the removed helpers carry no
+issuer/audience and are rejected by a scoped manager, so rotate sessions (users
+sign in again) when switching.
+
+## Opaque tokens and HTTP
+
+`ParseBearerToken(header)` parses the case-insensitive Bearer scheme and RFC
+6750 token alphabet. It rejects whitespace inside tokens, misplaced padding,
+and oversized input. It only extracts a token; always validate it afterward.
+
+`SimpleTokenValidator` is a concurrent, in-memory allowlist keyed by SHA256(token).
+Its zero value works. Generate high-entropy opaque tokens with `crypto/rand.Text`,
+then use `AddToken`, `ValidateToken`, and `RemoveToken`. Empty and oversized tokens
+are never accepted. There is no TTL or persistence; use JWTs or application
+session storage when needed. `AddToken` ignores invalid lengths for API stability.
+
+## Resource limits
+
+| Input/resource | Limit |
+| --- | --- |
+| Password | 1024 bytes at every KDF entry |
+| SCRAM username | 1–256 UTF-8 bytes; no control characters, comma, or equals |
+| Client nonce / combined nonce | 256 / 512 printable ASCII bytes; no comma |
+| SCRAM salt / key / proof | 16–64 / 32 / 32 decoded bytes |
+| PHC record / salt / digest | 256 encoded / 8–64 / 16–64 decoded bytes |
+| Argon2 execution | memory ≤256 MiB, iterations ≤16, lanes ≤16, memory ≥8×lanes KiB |
+| SCRAM client minimum | 64 MiB and 3 iterations by default; trusted local policy can override |
+| Argon2 combined work | memory×iterations ≤786432 KiB-passes (4×default) |
+| Pending server handshakes | 4096, with a 30-second timeout |
+| JWT / opaque token | 16 KiB |
+
+These are per-operation ceilings, not aggregate memory/CPU quotas. Set transport
+body/frame limits **before decoding**, use connection/request deadlines, rate
+limit by peer/account, and bound concurrent KDF calls for your available RAM.
+The server proof path only hashes/HMACs; registration, migration, password checks,
+and SCRAM clients run Argon2. Apply limits to all of those routes. Username and
+password normalization is application policy and must be identical at both ends.
+
+## Verification
+
+```sh
+go vet ./...
+go test -race -count=1 ./...
+go test -run '^$' -bench . -benchmem
+
+# Run each target separately; keep worker count bounded for KDF fuzzing.
+for target in FuzzParsePHC FuzzVerifyPassword FuzzImportCredential FuzzValidateToken FuzzParseBearerToken FuzzScramServerMessages FuzzScramClientMessages; do
+    GOMAXPROCS=2 go test -run '^$' -fuzz "^${target}$" -fuzztime=60s -parallel=2
+done
+```
+
+CI runs race tests, vet, and short fuzz campaigns. Fuzz KDF paths use bounded test
+costs; deterministic tests cover production limits without allocating at those
+limits. See [the audit report](doc/security-audit.md) for findings and scope.

argon2.go

@@ -25,15 +25,17 @@ const (
 	MaxPHCHashLen   = 256
 )
 
-// Execution budget for KDF parameters taken from an encoded record.
+// Execution budget for every Argon2 entry point.
 // parsePHC accepts the full PHC range (m <= 4 GiB, t <= 1000, p <= 255) because
 // those values are well-formed; running them is a different decision. One
-// crafted record would otherwise allocate 4 GiB. Applies to any Argon2 run
-// whose parameters were chosen by a peer rather than by this process.
+// crafted record would otherwise allocate 4 GiB. Generation uses the same
+// limits so this package cannot create records its verifier refuses to execute.
 const (
 	MaxVerifyArgonMemory  = 256 * 1024 // KiB
 	MaxVerifyArgonTime    = 16
 	MaxVerifyArgonThreads = 16
+	// KiB-passes: prevent simultaneously maximizing memory and iterations.
+	MaxVerifyArgonWork = 4 * DefaultArgonMemory * DefaultArgonTime
 )
 
 // argonParams holds configurable Argon2id parameters
@@ -93,13 +95,19 @@ func HashPassword(password string, opts ...Option) (string, error) {
 	}
 
 	for _, opt := range opts {
-		opt(params)
+		if opt != nil {
+			opt(params)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := checkArgonCost(params.memory, params.time, params.threads); err != nil {
+		return "", err
 	}
 
 	salt := make([]byte, params.saltLen)
 	rand.Read(salt) // cryptographically secure random bytes
 
 	hash := argon2.IDKey([]byte(password), salt, params.time, params.memory, params.threads, params.keyLen)
+	defer clear(hash)
 
 	saltB64 := base64.RawStdEncoding.EncodeToString(salt)
 	hashB64 := base64.RawStdEncoding.EncodeToString(hash)
@@ -109,16 +117,26 @@ func HashPassword(password string, opts ...Option) (string, error) {
 
 // VerifyPassword checks password against PHC-format hash (standalone)
 func VerifyPassword(password, phcHash string) error {
-	_, err := verifyPHC(password, phcHash)
+	r, err := verifyPHC(password, phcHash)
+	if r != nil {
+		clear(r.derived)
+	}
 	return err
 }
 
 // MigrateFromPHC converts PHC hash to SCRAM credential
 func MigrateFromPHC(username, password, phcHash string) (*Credential, error) {
+	if err := validateUsername(username); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	r, err := verifyPHC(password, phcHash)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	defer clear(r.derived)
+	if err := validateSalt(r.salt); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	if len(r.derived) == DefaultArgonKeyLen {
 		return credentialFromSaltedPassword(username, r.derived, r.salt, r.time, r.memory, r.threads), nil
 	}
@@ -130,12 +148,13 @@ func MigrateFromPHC(username, password, phcHash string) (*Credential, error) {
 // password can build a credential without re-running Argon2.
 func credentialFromSaltedPassword(username string, saltedPassword, salt []byte, time, memory uint32, threads uint8) *Credential {
 	clientKey := computeHMAC(saltedPassword, []byte("Client Key"))
+	defer clear(clientKey)
 	serverKey := computeHMAC(saltedPassword, []byte("Server Key"))
 	storedKey := sha256.Sum256(clientKey)
 
 	return &Credential{
 		Username:     username,
-		Salt:         salt,
+		Salt:         append([]byte(nil), salt...),
 		ArgonTime:    time,
 		ArgonMemory:  memory,
 		ArgonThreads: threads,
@@ -162,8 +181,7 @@ type phcResult struct {
 	threads      uint8
 }
 
-// verifyPHC validates format, bounds the password, runs the KDF once,
-// and constant-time compares against the encoded digest.
+// parsePHC validates the record without executing the KDF.
 func parsePHC(phcHash string) (*phcResult, error) {
 	if len(phcHash) > MaxPHCHashLen {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: encoded hash exceeds %d bytes", ErrPHCInvalidFormat, MaxPHCHashLen)
@@ -194,8 +212,8 @@ func parsePHC(phcHash string) (*phcResult, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: failed to parse parameters", ErrPHCInvalidFormat)
 	}
 
-	if time == 0 || memory == 0 || threads == 0 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: parameters must be non-zero", ErrPHCInvalidFormat)
+	if time == 0 || threads == 0 || memory < 8*uint32(threads) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: invalid Argon2 parameters", ErrPHCInvalidFormat)
 	}
 	if memory > 4*1024*1024 {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: memory parameter exceeds maximum (4GB)", ErrPHCInvalidFormat)
@@ -203,31 +221,21 @@ func parsePHC(phcHash string) (*phcResult, error) {
 	if time > 1000 {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: time parameter exceeds maximum (1000)", ErrPHCInvalidFormat)
 	}
-	if threads > 255 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: threads parameter exceeds maximum (255)", ErrPHCInvalidFormat)
-	}
-
-	salt, err := base64.RawStdEncoding.DecodeString(parts[4])
+	salt, err := decodeBase64(parts[4], base64.RawStdEncoding, MaxArgonSaltLen)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrPHCInvalidSalt, err)
 	}
 	if len(salt) < 8 {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: salt too short (%d bytes)", ErrPHCInvalidSalt, len(salt))
 	}
-	if len(salt) > MaxArgonSaltLen {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: salt too long (%d bytes)", ErrPHCInvalidSalt, len(salt))
-	}
 
-	hash, err := base64.RawStdEncoding.DecodeString(parts[5])
+	hash, err := decodeBase64(parts[5], base64.RawStdEncoding, MaxArgonKeyLen)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrPHCInvalidHash, err)
 	}
 	if len(hash) < 16 {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: hash too short (%d bytes)", ErrPHCInvalidHash, len(hash))
 	}
-	if len(hash) > MaxArgonKeyLen {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: hash too long (%d bytes)", ErrPHCInvalidHash, len(hash))
-	}
 
 	return &phcResult{
 		expectedHash: hash,
@@ -257,6 +265,7 @@ func verifyPHC(password, phcHash string) (*phcResult, error) {
 
 	r.derived = argon2.IDKey([]byte(password), r.salt, r.time, r.memory, r.threads, uint32(len(r.expectedHash)))
 	if subtle.ConstantTimeCompare(r.derived, r.expectedHash) != 1 {
+		clear(r.derived)
 		return nil, ErrInvalidCredentials
 	}
 	return r, nil
@@ -264,12 +273,16 @@ func verifyPHC(password, phcHash string) (*phcResult, error) {
 
 func checkArgonCost(memory, time uint32, threads uint8) error {
 	switch {
+	case time == 0 || threads == 0 || memory < 8*uint32(threads):
+		return ErrArgonInvalidParams
 	case memory > MaxVerifyArgonMemory:
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: memory %d KiB exceeds %d", ErrPHCCostTooHigh, memory, MaxVerifyArgonMemory)
 	case time > MaxVerifyArgonTime:
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: time %d exceeds %d", ErrPHCCostTooHigh, time, MaxVerifyArgonTime)
 	case threads > MaxVerifyArgonThreads:
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: threads %d exceeds %d", ErrPHCCostTooHigh, threads, MaxVerifyArgonThreads)
+	case uint64(memory)*uint64(time) > MaxVerifyArgonWork:
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: memory*time exceeds %d KiB-passes", ErrPHCCostTooHigh, MaxVerifyArgonWork)
 	}
 	return nil
 }

argon2_test.go

@@ -214,9 +214,8 @@ func TestValidatePHCHashFormat(t *testing.T) {
 		{"digest at cap", std(params, okSalt, rawB64(MaxArgonKeyLen)), nil},
 		{"digest over cap", std(params, okSalt, rawB64(MaxArgonKeyLen+1)), ErrPHCInvalidHash},
 
-		// encoding/base64 discards CR and LF, so PHC records are not
-		// byte-canonical: never compare them as strings.
-		{"digest with newline", std(params, okSalt, okDigest[:20]+"\n"+okDigest[20:]), nil},
+		// Canonical PHC fields cannot contain whitespace.
+		{"digest with newline", std(params, okSalt, okDigest[:20]+"\n"+okDigest[20:]), ErrPHCInvalidHash},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range cases {
@@ -287,22 +286,14 @@ func TestMigrateFromPHC(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestMigrateFromPHCShortSalt(t *testing.T) {
-	// parsePHC accepts 8..64 byte salts; SCRAM requires >= 16. The 32-byte
-	// digest branch skips that check, the fallback branch enforces it.
-	// See the ‼️ note on MigrateFromPHC.
 	const pw = "testPassword123"
-	salt := []byte("12345678")
-
-	cred, err := MigrateFromPHC("u", pw, phcFor(pw, salt, DefaultArgonKeyLen))
-	noErr(t, err, "32-byte digest branch")
-	eq(t, len(cred.Salt), 8, "short salt retained")
-
-	// the credential it produced cannot survive an export/import cycle
-	_, err = ImportCredential(cred.Export())
-	errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMSaltTooShort, "re-import")
-
-	_, err = MigrateFromPHC("u", pw, phcFor(pw, salt, 20))
-	errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMSaltTooShort, "fallback branch")
+	for _, keyLen := range []uint32{20, DefaultArgonKeyLen} {
+		cred, err := MigrateFromPHC("u", pw, phcFor(pw, []byte("12345678"), keyLen))
+		errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMSaltTooShort, "short migration salt")
+		if cred != nil {
+			t.Fatal("invalid credential returned")
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 func TestConcurrentPasswordOperations(t *testing.T) {
@@ -384,7 +375,7 @@ func FuzzVerifyPassword(f *testing.F) {
 		// parsePHC admits m up to 4 GiB from untrusted input; clamp before
 		// letting the fuzzer choose the KDF cost.
 		if r, err := parsePHC(hash); err == nil &&
-			(r.memory > 64*1024 || r.time > 4 || r.threads > 8) {
+			(r.memory > testArgonMemory || r.time > testArgonTime || r.threads > testArgonThreads) {
 			return
 		}
 		_ = VerifyPassword(password, hash)

doc.go

@@ -1,53 +1,19 @@
+// Package auth provides independent Argon2id password hashing, Argon2-SCRAM
+// challenge/response authentication, HS256/RS256 JWTs, and opaque token utilities.
+//
+// NewCredential provisions a SCRAM credential in one KDF pass. ScramServer holds
+// validated credential copies and bounded, single-use handshakes. ScramClient
+// performs one exchange at a time and must verify the server's final signature
+// before the application trusts the authentication result.
+//
+// The SCRAM exchange uses a package-specific Argon2id/JSON protocol; it is not
+// interoperable with the standard SASL SCRAM-SHA-256 mechanism. Applications must
+// supply authenticated TLS, request limits, rate limits, and authorization.
+//
+// NewJWT and NewJWTRSA create reusable, concurrent token managers. Configure an
+// issuer and audience for each service. ValidateToken requires expiration and a
+// nonempty subject; it returns only the nested "extra" application claims.
+//
+// See the README and doc/security-audit.md for limits, migration, transport
+// requirements, persistence, and deployment guidance.
 package auth
-
-/*
-Package auth provides modular authentication components:
-
-# Argon2 Password Hashing
-
-Standalone password hashing using Argon2id:
-
-	hash, err := auth.HashPassword("password123")
-	err = auth.VerifyPassword("password123", hash)
-
-	// With custom parameters
-	hash, err := auth.HashPassword("password123",
-		auth.WithTime(5),
-		auth.WithMemory(128*1024))
-
-# JWT Token Management
-
-JSON Web Token generation and validation:
-
-	// HS256 (symmetric)
-	jwtMgr, _ := auth.NewJWT(secret)
-	token, _ := jwtMgr.GenerateToken("user1", claims)
-	userID, claims, _ := jwtMgr.ValidateToken(token)
-
-	// RS256 (asymmetric)
-	jwtMgr, _ := auth.NewJWTRSA(privateKey)
-
-	// One-off operations
-	token, _ := auth.GenerateHS256Token(secret, "user1", claims, 1*time.Hour)
-
-# SCRAM-SHA256 Authentication
-
-Server and client implementation for SCRAM:
-
-	// Server
-	server := auth.NewScramServer()
-	defer server.Stop()
-	server.AddCredential(credential)
-
-	// Client
-	client := auth.NewScramClient(username, password)
-
-# HTTP Authentication Parsing
-
-Utility functions for HTTP headers:
-
-	username, password, _ := auth.ParseBasicAuth(header)
-	token, _ := auth.ParseBearerToken(header)
-
-Each module can be used independently without initializing other components.
-*/

doc/security-audit.md

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+# Security audit and integration notes
+
+Audit date: 2026-09-23. Baseline: `e4eb41658be8b1d4f46cb695837ebfe564cd2f25`.
+Scope: all production code and tests in `lixenwraith/auth`, plus current auth
+call sites in chess and planned use in vi-fighter/logwisp. This is a source audit
+with regression, race, and bounded fuzz testing, not a formal protocol proof or
+a production penetration test.
+
+## Findings and corrections
+
+| Area | Finding | Correction |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| SCRAM replay | Verification cleared its atomic claim before deleting the handshake. A concurrent request could claim and successfully verify the same proof again. | Retain the claim through deletion; regression requires exactly one success under concurrent replay. |
+| SCRAM client | Challenges did not need an active handshake or a nonce that extends the client's nonce. Restart retained old authentication material; final messages were reusable. | Explicit ordered states, nonce binding, one-use challenges/finals, terminal errors, and reset on restart. Recheck exported password length immediately before the KDF. |
+| KDF downgrade | A hostile server could choose a tiny but valid KDF and collect a cheaply guessable client proof. | Clients default to a minimum of 64 MiB/3 iterations; an explicit local policy option supports trusted alternate profiles. |
+| Resource exhaustion | Username/nonce/salt/proof inputs could allocate or retain unbounded data. Direct derivation and hash options could request unbounded Argon2 work; separate maxima allowed costly combinations. | Pre-decode byte limits, credential validation, common KDF limits at every entry point, and a combined memory×iterations ceiling. Retain the existing handshake-count cap and timeout. |
+| Credential ownership | Server retained caller-owned credential pointers/slices without validation. Mutation could change challenges or keys, or race authentication. There was no account-removal API. | Validate and deep-copy credentials; add `Credential.Validate`, error-returning `AddCredential`, and `RemoveCredential`. Replacement/removal invalidates pending handshakes; successful final verification checks the active credential. |
+| Account enumeration | Decoy salts changed on restart/replica boundaries. Last-added credential determined the unknown-user profile, allowing mixed profiles to disclose existence. | Add a constructor with a persistent shared decoy key; enforce one profile per server. Perform decoy HMAC work on known-user requests too. Document residual timing/application signals and load-before-serving requirements. |
+| PHC migration | The common 32-byte digest branch admitted short salts that SCRAM import rejected. | Validate SCRAM salt length on both migration paths; reject the record consistently. Existing PHC verification remains available for legacy salts. |
+| JWT policy | Signed tokens without a subject were accepted; future issued-at values were ignored. Unbounded token parsing and noncanonical signature encodings were accepted. | Require a nonempty subject and expiry; check issued-at; bound tokens; reject CR/LF, nonzero base64 pad bits, and unsupported critical headers. Keep algorithm pinning and configured issuer/audience checks. |
+| Key/config ownership | HMAC secrets, RSA keys, and audience slices were borrowed. Invalid/weak RSA keys were not checked at construction. | Copy constructor inputs; validate RSA private material/public parameters and require at least 2048 bits. Accept PKCS#1 public PEM as well as PKIX. |
+| Opaque tokens / HTTP | The allowlist could authenticate an explicitly stored empty token and its zero value panicked on insertion. Bearer parsing accepted embedded whitespace and required case-sensitive schemes. | Reject empty/oversized tokens, support the zero value, and enforce RFC 6750 Bearer syntax. Remove the unused password-header parser, its errors/tests/docs, and the generic scheme extractor. |
+
+Canonical base64 checks also cover PHC records and imported SCRAM credentials.
+Import accepts common JSON, YAML, and TOML numeric representations (`float64`,
+`json.Number`, `int`, `int64`, unsigned integers) with exact range checks. Explicit
+regressions reject NaN, infinities, fractions, negatives, and overflow. Transient
+key buffers are cleared where practical; this is not a guarantee of memory erasure.
+
+## Compatibility and rollout
+
+Chess at `e3e465c9a2a81e4f5904a0e646c9812caa071c31` uses `HashPassword`,
+`VerifyPassword`, `ValidatePHCHashFormat`, `GenerateHS256Token`, and
+`ValidateHS256Token`. These signatures and JWT `extra` structure remain intact.
+The one-off validator is a compatibility adapter to the common hardened parser;
+it retains the existing five-minute leeway and lack of issuer/audience constraints.
+Existing well-formed chess tokens remain valid. Its service tests and CLI package
+were checked against this checkout using a temporary module replacement; no
+changes to chess are included in this PR.
+
+The inspected vi-fighter (`6fd727f848ac05ff6b76b85c8152aad995d9426e`) and logwisp
+(`72c0a43c9f2ba017bf2fd62319077b3655ee4514`) revisions do not yet import auth.
+Their future deployment integration is outside this package PR.
+
+SCRAM message JSON fields and the valid transcript encoding stay unchanged.
+`NewScramClient` accepts optional local minimum-cost policy options; ordinary
+two-argument calls retain their syntax, with stronger default challenge policy.
+`AddCredential` now returns an error; callers should check it. Calls used as
+statements still compile, but interfaces requiring the old no-result signature
+must be updated (none occur in the inspected consumers). Intentionally rejected
+inputs include malformed identities/nonces, mixed SCRAM profiles, noncanonical
+base64, oversized tokens, and KDF parameters above the new budget. Short-salt PHC
+records must be re-enrolled before SCRAM migration. A server's profile remains
+fixed after removing its last credential to keep decoy responses stable.
+
+### Follow-up: legacy HS256 adapter removal (v0.5.0, 2026-09-26)
+
+Chess was the only consumer of `GenerateHS256Token` and `ValidateHS256Token`.
+It now constructs a scoped `NewJWT` manager (issuer `chess-server`, audience
+`chess-api`, lifetime equal to its session TTL, zero leeway) and parses headers
+with `ParseBearerToken`. The adapters, their shared unscoped parser, their tests,
+and the `FuzzValidateHS256Token` target were removed; `FuzzValidateToken` now
+fuzzes a scoped manager. The unused `ErrSaltGenerationFailed` was also removed:
+`crypto/rand.Read` cannot return an error on supported Go versions, so no path
+produced it. `HashPassword`, `VerifyPassword`, and `ValidatePHCHashFormat` are
+general password APIs and remain unchanged.
+
+Removing the adapters is a breaking API change for any out-of-tree caller. The
+five-minute default leeway of `NewJWT` itself is unchanged for compatibility;
+services should still set `WithLeeway` explicitly.
+
+## Integration boundaries
+
+- **Transport:** this Argon2/JSON protocol is not standard SASL SCRAM-SHA-256 and
+  has no channel binding. Authenticated TLS/WSS and connection-bound exchange
+  handling belong to the caller. Always verify the server final before trusting
+  the login result or a token delivered with it.
+- **Registration/storage:** generate salts with `NewCredential`; protect both
+  credential keys and the shared decoy secret. Do not retain the old PHC salted
+  password after migration unless a separate authentication path requires it.
+- **Denial of service:** enforce request/frame limits before JSON decoding,
+  deadlines, rate limits, and a RAM-appropriate cap on simultaneous KDF calls.
+  Package ceilings are per operation. Credential count and opaque-token count
+  are application-controlled and are not capped by the package.
+- **Authorization/revocation:** scope JWT issuer/audience to the receiving
+  service. HS256 verifiers can issue tokens; use RS256 when services should only
+  verify. Check session state when logout/rotation needs immediate revocation.
+  Removing a SCRAM credential cannot retract sessions already issued by the app.
+- **Privacy:** map authentication failures to suitable public responses; avoid
+  logging passwords, proofs, keys, or bearer tokens. The decoy mechanism reduces
+  enumeration signals but does not promise constant-time network behavior.
+
+## Performance
+
+`NewCredential` performs one Argon2 derivation; provisioning through
+`HashPassword` followed by `MigrateFromPHC` performs two. Existing PHC migration
+continues to reuse its verification KDF for the normal 32-byte digest.
+
+JWT managers now construct their immutable parser once. No password-strength
+defaults were reduced. RSA key validation/copying occurs at construction. The server's proof path performs
+bounded hash/HMAC operations, with no Argon2 work.
+
+On Go 1.27.1/linux-amd64, three local benchmark samples measured direct
+provisioning at 6.61–7.54 ms and ~8.39 MB allocated, versus 13.10–13.72 ms and
+~16.79 MB for hash-then-migrate (8 MiB/1-iteration **test** profile). JWT
+sign-plus-verify allocations dropped from 88 to 85 per operation (~5133 to
+4973 bytes); median time was 14.67 µs before and 13.73 µs after. These short local
+samples are indicative, not a production capacity claim.
+
+## Validation
+
+Local validation on Go 1.27.1/linux-amd64 passed `go vet ./...` and
+`go test -race -count=1 -coverprofile=... ./...`, with **98.1% statement coverage**.
+All seven fuzz targets passed 10-second, two-worker campaigns (over 1.8 million
+executions combined); the client target was rerun after adding minimum-cost
+policy. These are smoke campaigns, not exhaustive fuzzing. Chess's service tests
+and CLI compilation also passed after the dependency update.
+
+`govulncheck v1.8.0` reported zero vulnerabilities in reachable calls or imported
+packages. Its only remaining module-level advisory is **GO-2026-5932** for
+`golang.org/x/crypto/openpgp`, which this package does not import and which has no
+fixed release. The scan used Go 1.27.1; consumers must also keep their Go runtime
+patched.
+
+The test suite includes concurrent replay, registration/removal, credential ownership,
+protocol sequencing, resource ceilings, canonical encoding, RSA validation,
+JWT trust scopes, and the compiled end-to-end example. Seven fuzz targets cover
+PHC parsing/verification, credential import, JWT verification, Bearer parsing,
+and both SCRAM peer inputs. CI runs vet, race tests, and bounded fuzz smoke tests.
+
+Dependencies were updated to `golang.org/x/crypto v0.57.0` and its
+`golang.org/x/sys v0.48.0` requirement without raising Go 1.26. The Argon2 source
+is unchanged from v0.54.0. The update includes fixes for SSH advisories
+GO-2026-6303, GO-2026-6354, and GO-2026-6355 in unused sibling packages.
+
+## Primary references
+
+- [RFC 5802, SCRAM exchange and security considerations](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5802.html)
+- [RFC 9106, Argon2 inputs and recommended parameters](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9106.html)
+- [RFC 8725, JWT best current practices](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8725.html)
+- [RFC 6750, Bearer token syntax and transport](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6750.html)
+- [Go vulnerability database](https://vuln.go.dev/)

encoding.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Bound allocation before decoding and reject non-canonical encodings, including
+// CR/LF (which encoding/base64 accepts even in Strict mode).
+func decodeBase64(s string, encoding *base64.Encoding, maxBytes int) ([]byte, error) {
+	if len(s) > encoding.EncodedLen(maxBytes) || strings.ContainsAny(s, "\r\n") {
+		return nil, errors.New("invalid base64 length or whitespace")
+	}
+	b, err := encoding.Strict().DecodeString(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(b) > maxBytes {
+		return nil, errors.New("decoded value exceeds limit")
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}

error.go

@@ -1,15 +1,12 @@
 package auth
 
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-)
+import "errors"
 
 // Base authentication errors
 var (
 	ErrInvalidCredentials = errors.New("invalid credentials")
-	ErrWeakPassword       = errors.New("password must be at least 8 characters")
-	ErrPasswordTooLong    = errors.New("password must be at most 1024 characters")
+	ErrWeakPassword       = errors.New("password must be at least 8 bytes")
+	ErrPasswordTooLong    = errors.New("password must be at most 1024 bytes")
 )
 
 // JWT-specific errors
@@ -22,6 +19,7 @@ var (
 	ErrTokenEmptyUserID      = errors.New("token: empty user ID")
 	ErrTokenNoPrivateKey     = errors.New("token: private key required for signing")
 	ErrTokenNoPublicKey      = errors.New("token: public key required for verification")
+	ErrTokenTooLong          = errors.New("token: exceeds size limit")
 )
 
 // JWT secret errors
@@ -35,14 +33,16 @@ var (
 	ErrRSAInvalidPrivateKey = errors.New("rsa: invalid private key format")
 	ErrRSAInvalidPublicKey  = errors.New("rsa: invalid public key format")
 	ErrRSANotPublicKey      = errors.New("rsa: not an RSA public key")
+	ErrRSAWeakKey           = errors.New("rsa: key must be at least 2048 bits")
 )
 
 // PHC format errors
 var (
-	ErrPHCInvalidFormat = errors.New("phc: invalid format")
-	ErrPHCInvalidSalt   = errors.New("phc: invalid salt encoding")
-	ErrPHCInvalidHash   = errors.New("phc: invalid hash encoding")
-	ErrPHCCostTooHigh   = errors.New("phc: cost parameters exceed verification limit")
+	ErrPHCInvalidFormat   = errors.New("phc: invalid format")
+	ErrPHCInvalidSalt     = errors.New("phc: invalid salt encoding")
+	ErrPHCInvalidHash     = errors.New("phc: invalid hash encoding")
+	ErrPHCCostTooHigh     = errors.New("phc: cost parameters exceed verification limit")
+	ErrArgonInvalidParams = errors.New("argon2: invalid parameters (require t >= 1, p >= 1, m >= 8*p)")
 )
 
 // SCRAM-specific errors
@@ -59,6 +59,12 @@ var (
 	ErrSCRAMSaltTooShort      = errors.New("scram: salt must be at least 16 bytes")
 	ErrSCRAMTooManyHandshakes = errors.New("scram: handshake capacity exceeded")
 	ErrSCRAMParamsTooLarge    = errors.New("scram: Argon2 parameters exceed limit")
+	ErrSCRAMParamsTooSmall    = errors.New("scram: Argon2 parameters below client minimum")
+	ErrSCRAMInvalidUsername   = errors.New("scram: invalid username")
+	ErrSCRAMSaltTooLong       = errors.New("scram: salt exceeds 64 bytes")
+	ErrSCRAMStopped           = errors.New("scram: server stopped")
+	ErrSCRAMDecoyKey          = errors.New("scram: decoy key must be at least 32 bytes")
+	ErrSCRAMCredentialProfile = errors.New("scram: credentials must share Argon2 parameters and salt length")
 )
 
 // Credential import/export errors
@@ -73,19 +79,11 @@ var (
 	ErrCredInvalidStoredKey = errors.New("credential: invalid stored_key encoding")
 	ErrCredMissingServerKey = errors.New("credential: missing server_key")
 	ErrCredInvalidServerKey = errors.New("credential: invalid server_key encoding")
-	ErrCredInvalidType      = fmt.Errorf("credential: invalid type for field")
+	ErrCredInvalidType      = errors.New("credential: invalid type for field")
 )
 
 // HTTP auth parsing errors
 var (
-	ErrAuthInvalidBasicFormat   = errors.New("auth: invalid Basic auth format")
-	ErrAuthInvalidBasicEncoding = errors.New("auth: invalid Basic auth base64 encoding")
-	ErrAuthInvalidBasicCreds    = errors.New("auth: invalid Basic auth credentials format")
-	ErrAuthInvalidBearerFormat  = errors.New("auth: invalid Bearer auth format")
-	ErrAuthEmptyBearerToken     = errors.New("auth: empty Bearer token")
-)
-
-// Salt generation errors
-var (
-	ErrSaltGenerationFailed = errors.New("failed to generate salt")
+	ErrAuthInvalidBearerFormat = errors.New("auth: invalid Bearer auth format")
+	ErrAuthEmptyBearerToken    = errors.New("auth: empty Bearer token")
 )

example_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package auth_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+
+	"github.com/lixenwraith/auth"
+)
+
+func ExampleNewCredential() {
+	credential, err := auth.NewCredential("alice", "a-long-example-password")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// For this local example only. Services should persist a random decoy key
+	// and use NewScramServerWithDecoyKey, plus authenticated TLS for transport.
+	server := auth.NewScramServer()
+	defer server.Stop()
+	if err := server.AddCredential(credential); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	client := auth.NewScramClient("alice", "a-long-example-password")
+	first, err := client.StartAuthentication()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	challenge, err := server.ProcessClientFirstMessage(first.Username, first.ClientNonce)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	proof, err := client.ProcessServerFirstMessage(challenge)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	final, err := server.ProcessClientFinalMessage(proof.FullNonce, proof.ClientProof)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := client.VerifyServerFinalMessage(final); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	fmt.Println(final.Username)
+	// Output: alice
+}

go.mod

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 module github.com/lixenwraith/auth
 
-go 1.26.0
+go 1.27.1
 
 require (
 	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.3.1
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.54.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.57.0
 )
 
-require golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0 // indirect
+require golang.org/x/sys v0.48.0 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.3.1 h1:kYf81DTWFe7t+1VvL7eS+jKFVWaUnK9cB1qbwn63YCY=
 github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.3.1/go.mod h1:fxCRLWMO43lRc8nhHWY6LGqRcf+1gQWArsqaEUEa5bE=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.54.0 h1:YLIA59K4fiNzHzjnZt2tUJQjQtUWfWbeHBqKtk3eScw=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.54.0/go.mod h1:KWL8ny2AZdGR2cWmzeHrp2azQPGogOv+HeQaVEXC2dk=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0 h1:o7XGOvZQCADBQQ4Y7VNq2dRWQR7JmOUW8Kxx4ZsNgWs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.57.0 h1:3ZVCjf8Ggz7zneR/EHRVx68Ctf+2pmIMP2UFhh9cC6M=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.57.0/go.mod h1:Fdz0i5U6CoizGwLda9DttjSk6qlZo25zYNtR+ycvuZA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.48.0 h1:bbX/i/6MgT9BVLM9RT1thmxL04yeTAhbEz4SyadbXoo=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.48.0/go.mod h1:hNLxWAXmnKAxqDtdwIYC4bM9oQPEecfsnNMuSxOs3og=

hardening_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"crypto/rsa"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"errors"
+	"math"
+	"math/big"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestArgonExecutionBounds(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		memory, time uint32
+		threads      uint8
+		want         error
+	}{
+		{1, 1, 1, ErrArgonInvalidParams},
+		{MaxVerifyArgonMemory + 1, 1, 1, ErrPHCCostTooHigh},
+		{testArgonMemory, MaxVerifyArgonTime + 1, 1, ErrPHCCostTooHigh},
+		{testArgonMemory, 1, MaxVerifyArgonThreads + 1, ErrPHCCostTooHigh},
+		{MaxVerifyArgonMemory, MaxVerifyArgonTime, 1, ErrPHCCostTooHigh},
+		{math.MaxUint32, math.MaxUint32, math.MaxUint8, ErrPHCCostTooHigh},
+	} {
+		_, err := HashPassword("password123", WithMemory(tc.memory), WithTime(tc.time), WithThreads(tc.threads))
+		errIs(t, err, tc.want, "hash bounds")
+		_, err = DeriveCredential("u", "password123", make([]byte, 16), tc.time, tc.memory, tc.threads)
+		if tc.want == ErrArgonInvalidParams {
+			errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMZeroParams, "derive invalid")
+		} else {
+			errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMParamsTooLarge, "derive bounds")
+		}
+	}
+	_, err := DeriveCredential("u", "password123", make([]byte, MaxArgonSaltLen+1), 1, 8, 1)
+	errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMSaltTooLong, "derive salt bound")
+}
+
+func TestNewCredentialAndOwnership(t *testing.T) {
+	cred, err := NewCredential("u", "password123", cheapArgon...)
+	noErr(t, err, "new")
+	noErr(t, cred.Validate(), "validate")
+	s := newTestServer(t)
+	noErr(t, s.AddCredential(cred), "add")
+	// Mutation after registration cannot change the server's credential.
+	clear(cred.Salt)
+	clear(cred.StoredKey)
+	clear(cred.ServerKey)
+	cred.Username = "changed"
+	noErr(t, runHandshake(s, newTestScramClient("u", "password123")), "owned credential")
+
+	salt := bytes.Repeat([]byte{1}, 16)
+	derived, err := DeriveCredential("u", "password123", salt, 1, testArgonMemory, 1)
+	noErr(t, err, "derive")
+	clear(salt)
+	if bytes.Equal(derived.Salt, salt) {
+		t.Fatal("derived credential aliases salt")
+	}
+	_, err = NewCredential("u", "short", cheapArgon...)
+	errIs(t, err, ErrWeakPassword, "new credential password policy")
+}
+
+func TestCredentialImportNumericTypes(t *testing.T) {
+	cred, err := NewCredential("u", "password123", cheapArgon...)
+	noErr(t, err, "new")
+	for _, values := range [][3]any{
+		{int64(1), int64(testArgonMemory), int64(1)},
+		{uint64(1), uint64(testArgonMemory), uint64(1)},
+		{json.Number("1"), json.Number("8192"), json.Number("1")},
+	} {
+		m := cred.Export()
+		m["argon_time"], m["argon_memory"], m["argon_threads"] = values[0], values[1], values[2]
+		_, err := ImportCredential(m)
+		noErr(t, err, "import numeric types")
+	}
+	for _, bad := range []any{math.NaN(), math.Inf(1), math.Inf(-1), json.Number("1.5"), uint64(math.MaxUint64), int64(-1)} {
+		for _, field := range []string{"argon_time", "argon_memory", "argon_threads"} {
+			m := cred.Export()
+			m[field] = bad
+			_, err := ImportCredential(m)
+			errIs(t, err, ErrCredInvalidType, "invalid number")
+		}
+	}
+	for _, field := range []string{"salt", "stored_key", "server_key"} {
+		m := cred.Export()
+		m[field] = strings.Repeat("A", 10000)
+		_, err := ImportCredential(m)
+		hasErr(t, err, "oversized encoded field")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScramRegistrationRevocationAndStop(t *testing.T) {
+	s, user, pw, cred := setupScram(t)
+	errIs(t, s.AddCredential(nil), ErrInvalidCredentials, "nil credential")
+	bad := *cred
+	bad.StoredKey = nil
+	errIs(t, s.AddCredential(&bad), ErrCredInvalidStoredKey, "missing stored key")
+	bad = *cred
+	bad.ArgonTime++
+	errIs(t, s.AddCredential(&bad), ErrSCRAMCredentialProfile, "mixed profile")
+	final := startHandshake(t, s, user, pw)
+	noErr(t, s.AddCredential(cred), "replace")
+	_, err := s.ProcessClientFinalMessage(final.FullNonce, final.ClientProof)
+	errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMInvalidNonce, "replacement invalidates pending proof")
+	final = startHandshake(t, s, user, pw)
+	s.RemoveCredential(user)
+	_, err = s.ProcessClientFinalMessage(final.FullNonce, final.ClientProof)
+	errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMInvalidNonce, "removal invalidates pending proof")
+	errIs(t, runHandshake(s, newTestScramClient(user, pw)), ErrInvalidCredentials, "removed user")
+	noErr(t, s.AddCredential(cred), "restore")
+	final = startHandshake(t, s, user, pw)
+	s.Stop()
+	eq(t, handshakeCount(s), 0, "stop discards pending work")
+	_, err = s.ProcessClientFirstMessage(user, "nonce")
+	errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMStopped, "first after stop")
+	_, err = s.ProcessClientFinalMessage(final.FullNonce, final.ClientProof)
+	errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMStopped, "final after stop")
+	errIs(t, s.AddCredential(cred), ErrSCRAMStopped, "register after stop")
+}
+
+func TestScramStableDecoyKey(t *testing.T) {
+	key := bytes.Repeat([]byte{1}, 32)
+	a, err := NewScramServerWithDecoyKey(key)
+	noErr(t, err, "server a")
+	defer a.Stop()
+	b, err := NewScramServerWithDecoyKey(key)
+	noErr(t, err, "server b")
+	defer b.Stop()
+	clear(key)
+	first, err := a.ProcessClientFirstMessage("unknown", "a")
+	noErr(t, err, "first a")
+	second, err := b.ProcessClientFirstMessage("unknown", "b")
+	noErr(t, err, "first b")
+	eq(t, first.Salt, second.Salt, "stable salt across instances")
+	_, err = NewScramServerWithDecoyKey(make([]byte, 31))
+	errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMDecoyKey, "short key")
+}
+
+func TestScramInputBounds(t *testing.T) {
+	s := newTestServer(t)
+	for _, user := range []string{"", "a,b", "a=b", "a\x00b", string([]byte{0xff}), strings.Repeat("a", MaxUsernameLen+1)} {
+		_, err := s.ProcessClientFirstMessage(user, "n")
+		errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMInvalidUsername, "username")
+		_, err = newTestScramClient(user, "password123").StartAuthentication()
+		errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMInvalidUsername, "client username")
+	}
+	for _, nonce := range []string{"", "a,b", "a\nb", "a b", strings.Repeat("x", MaxClientNonceLen+1)} {
+		_, err := s.ProcessClientFirstMessage("u", nonce)
+		errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMInvalidNonce, "nonce")
+	}
+	eq(t, handshakeCount(s), 0, "invalid input creates no state")
+	c := newTestScramClient("u", "password123")
+	first, err := c.StartAuthentication()
+	noErr(t, err, "start")
+	challenge, err := s.ProcessClientFirstMessage(first.Username, first.ClientNonce)
+	noErr(t, err, "challenge")
+	c.Password = strings.Repeat("x", MaxPasswordLen+1)
+	_, err = c.ProcessServerFirstMessage(challenge)
+	errIs(t, err, ErrPasswordTooLong, "mutable password rechecked")
+}
+
+func TestScramConcurrentProofConsumedOnce(t *testing.T) {
+	s, user, pw, _ := setupScram(t)
+	final := startHandshake(t, s, user, pw)
+	var successes atomic.Int32
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	start := make(chan struct{})
+	for range 64 {
+		wg.Go(func() {
+			<-start
+			_, err := s.ProcessClientFinalMessage(final.FullNonce, final.ClientProof)
+			if err == nil {
+				successes.Add(1)
+			} else if !errors.Is(err, ErrSCRAMVerifyInProgress) && !errors.Is(err, ErrSCRAMInvalidNonce) {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+	close(start)
+	wg.Wait()
+	eq(t, successes.Load(), int32(1), "only one proof may succeed")
+	eq(t, handshakeCount(s), 0, "consumed proof")
+}
+
+func TestJWTConfigurationOwnership(t *testing.T) {
+	secret := bytes.Clone(testSecret)
+	audience := []string{"vif"}
+	j, err := NewJWT(secret, WithIssuer("issuer"), WithAudience(audience))
+	noErr(t, err, "new")
+	clear(secret)
+	audience[0] = "logwisp"
+	token, err := j.GenerateToken("u", nil)
+	noErr(t, err, "sign")
+	check, err := NewJWT(testSecret, WithIssuer("issuer"), WithAudience([]string{"vif"}))
+	noErr(t, err, "check")
+	_, _, err = check.ValidateToken(token)
+	noErr(t, err, "owned config")
+	_, _, err = j.ValidateToken(token)
+	noErr(t, err, "cached parser")
+	other, err := NewJWT(testSecret, WithIssuer("issuer"), WithAudience([]string{"logwisp"}))
+	noErr(t, err, "other service")
+	_, _, err = other.ValidateToken(token)
+	errIs(t, err, ErrTokenMissingClaim, "cross-service token")
+}
+
+func TestJWTBoundedCanonicalEncoding(t *testing.T) {
+	j, err := NewJWT(testSecret)
+	noErr(t, err, "new")
+	token, err := j.GenerateToken("u", nil)
+	noErr(t, err, "sign")
+	// A 32-byte signature has two unused bits in its last base64url character.
+	const alphabet = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_"
+	last := strings.IndexByte(alphabet, token[len(token)-1])
+	malleated := token[:len(token)-1] + string(alphabet[last+1])
+	for _, bad := range []string{token + "\n", malleated, strings.Repeat("x", MaxTokenLen+1)} {
+		_, _, err = j.ValidateToken(bad)
+		hasErr(t, err, "malformed/oversized token")
+	}
+	header := defaultHeader()
+	header["crit"] = []string{"custom"}
+	critical := signHS256(t, testSecret, header, map[string]any{"sub": "u", "exp": time.Now().Add(time.Hour).Unix()})
+	_, _, err = j.ValidateToken(critical)
+	hasErr(t, err, "unsupported critical extension")
+	_, err = j.GenerateToken("u", map[string]any{"huge": strings.Repeat("x", MaxTokenLen)})
+	errIs(t, err, ErrTokenTooLong, "oversized generated JWT")
+}
+
+func TestRSAValidationAndOwnership(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, key := range []*rsa.PublicKey{{}, {N: big.NewInt(3), E: 65537}, {N: testRSAKey().N, E: 2}} {
+		_, err := NewJWTVerifier(key)
+		hasErr(t, err, "invalid/weak public key")
+	}
+	for _, key := range []*rsa.PrivateKey{{}, {PublicKey: testRSAKey().PublicKey}, {PublicKey: testRSAKey().PublicKey, D: big.NewInt(1), Primes: []*big.Int{nil, nil}}} {
+		_, err := NewJWTRSA(key)
+		hasErr(t, err, "invalid private key")
+	}
+	key, err := x509.ParsePKCS1PrivateKey(x509.MarshalPKCS1PrivateKey(testRSAKey()))
+	noErr(t, err, "copy")
+	signer, err := NewJWTRSA(key)
+	noErr(t, err, "signer")
+	verifier, err := NewJWTVerifier(&key.PublicKey)
+	noErr(t, err, "verifier")
+	key.N.SetInt64(3)
+	key.D.SetInt64(0)
+	key.Primes[0].SetInt64(0)
+	token, err := signer.GenerateToken("u", nil)
+	noErr(t, err, "sign with copied key")
+	_, _, err = verifier.ValidateToken(token)
+	noErr(t, err, "verify with copied key")
+	pkcs1 := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "RSA PUBLIC KEY", Bytes: x509.MarshalPKCS1PublicKey(&testRSAKey().PublicKey)})
+	fromPEM, err := NewJWTVerifierFromPEM(pkcs1)
+	noErr(t, err, "PKCS1 public PEM")
+	_, _, err = fromPEM.ValidateToken(token)
+	noErr(t, err, "PEM verifier")
+}
+
+func TestSimpleTokenZeroValueAndBounds(t *testing.T) {
+	var v SimpleTokenValidator
+	v.AddToken("")
+	v.AddToken(strings.Repeat("x", MaxTokenLen+1))
+	if v.ValidateToken("") || v.ValidateToken(strings.Repeat("x", MaxTokenLen+1)) {
+		t.Fatal("invalid credential accepted")
+	}
+	v.AddToken("a-token")
+	isTrue(t, v.ValidateToken("a-token"), "zero value initialized")
+	v.RemoveToken("a-token")
+	isTrue(t, !v.ValidateToken("a-token"), "revoked")
+}
+
+func BenchmarkCredentialProvisioning(b *testing.B) {
+	b.Run("direct", func(b *testing.B) {
+		for b.Loop() {
+			if _, err := NewCredential("u", "password123", cheapArgon...); err != nil {
+				b.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+	b.Run("via_phc", func(b *testing.B) {
+		for b.Loop() {
+			hash, err := HashPassword("password123", cheapArgon...)
+			if err != nil {
+				b.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if _, err := MigrateFromPHC("u", "password123", hash); err != nil {
+				b.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestScramClientRejectsKDFDowngrade(t *testing.T) {
+	c := NewScramClient("u", "password123")
+	first, err := c.StartAuthentication()
+	noErr(t, err, "start")
+	msg := ServerFirstMessage{
+		FullNonce: first.ClientNonce + "server", Salt: "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==",
+		ArgonTime: 1, ArgonMemory: 8, ArgonThreads: 1,
+	}
+	_, err = c.ProcessServerFirstMessage(msg)
+	errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMParamsTooSmall, "hostile KDF downgrade")
+	for _, option := range []ScramClientOption{WithMinArgonCost(0, 8), WithMinArgonCost(1, 0), WithMinArgonCost(1, MaxVerifyArgonMemory+1)} {
+		_, err := NewScramClient("u", "password123", option).StartAuthentication()
+		hasErr(t, err, "invalid client policy")
+	}
+}

http.go

@@ -1,47 +1,35 @@
 package auth
 
-import (
-	"encoding/base64"
-	"strings"
-)
+import "strings"
 
-// ParseBasicAuth extracts username/password from Basic auth header
-func ParseBasicAuth(header string) (username, password string, err error) {
-	encoded, ok := strings.CutPrefix(header, "Basic ")
-	if !ok {
-		return "", "", ErrAuthInvalidBasicFormat
+// ParseBearerToken parses an RFC 6750 Bearer authorization value. The scheme is
+// case-insensitive; tokens must use the b64token alphabet and contain no spaces.
+// Parsing does not validate the token's signature or grant authorization.
+func ParseBearerToken(header string) (string, error) {
+	// Bound before scanning, including an allowance for separator spaces.
+	if len(header) > MaxTokenLen+16 {
+		return "", ErrTokenTooLong
 	}
-
-	decoded, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(encoded)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", ErrAuthInvalidBasicEncoding
-	}
-
-	username, password, ok = strings.Cut(string(decoded), ":")
-	if !ok {
-		return "", "", ErrAuthInvalidBasicCreds
-	}
-
-	return username, password, nil
-}
-
-// ParseBearerToken extracts token from Bearer auth header
-func ParseBearerToken(header string) (token string, err error) {
-	token, ok := strings.CutPrefix(header, "Bearer ")
-	if !ok {
+	scheme, token, ok := strings.Cut(header, " ")
+	if !ok || !strings.EqualFold(scheme, "Bearer") {
 		return "", ErrAuthInvalidBearerFormat
 	}
+	token = strings.TrimLeft(token, " ")
 	if token == "" {
 		return "", ErrAuthEmptyBearerToken
 	}
-
+	if len(token) > MaxTokenLen {
+		return "", ErrTokenTooLong
+	}
+	padding := false
+	for i, ch := range []byte(token) {
+		if ch == '=' && i > 0 {
+			padding = true
+			continue
+		}
+		if padding || !(ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z' || ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z' || ch >= '0' && ch <= '9' || strings.ContainsRune("-._~+/", rune(ch))) {
+			return "", ErrAuthInvalidBearerFormat
+		}
+	}
 	return token, nil
 }
-
-// ExtractAuthType returns authentication type from header
-func ExtractAuthType(header string) string {
-	if authType, _, ok := strings.Cut(header, " "); ok {
-		return authType
-	}
-	return "" // Matches original behavior if no space is found or string is empty
-}

http_test.go

@@ -1,123 +1,57 @@
 package auth
 
 import (
-	"encoding/base64"
-	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 )
 
-func basicHeader(payload string) string {
-	return "Basic " + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(payload))
-}
-
-func TestParseBasicAuth(t *testing.T) {
-	cases := []struct {
-		name, header, username, password string
-		want                             error
-	}{
-		{name: "standard", header: basicHeader("user:pass"), username: "user", password: "pass"},
-		{name: "empty password", header: basicHeader("user:"), username: "user"},
-		{name: "empty username", header: basicHeader(":pass"), password: "pass"},
-		{name: "colon in password", header: basicHeader("user:pa:ss"), username: "user", password: "pa:ss"},
-		{name: "unicode", header: basicHeader("üser:pässwörd"), username: "üser", password: "pässwörd"},
-		{name: "separator only", header: basicHeader(":")},
-
-		{name: "missing scheme", header: "Invalid header", want: ErrAuthInvalidBasicFormat},
-		{name: "no space", header: "Basic", want: ErrAuthInvalidBasicFormat},
-		{name: "empty header", header: "", want: ErrAuthInvalidBasicFormat},
-		// ☢ RFC 7235 auth-scheme is case-insensitive; matching here is not
-		{name: "lowercase scheme", header: "basic dXNlcjpwYXNz", want: ErrAuthInvalidBasicFormat},
-		{name: "bad base64", header: "Basic not-base64!", want: ErrAuthInvalidBasicEncoding},
-		{name: "no colon", header: basicHeader("no-colon"), want: ErrAuthInvalidBasicCreds},
-		{name: "empty payload", header: "Basic ", want: ErrAuthInvalidBasicCreds},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range cases {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			username, password, err := ParseBasicAuth(tc.header)
-			if tc.want != nil {
-				errIs(t, err, tc.want, tc.name)
-				eq(t, username, "", "username on failure")
-				eq(t, password, "", "password on failure")
-				return
-			}
-			noErr(t, err, tc.name)
-			eq(t, username, tc.username, "username")
-			eq(t, password, tc.password, "password")
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 func TestParseBearerToken(t *testing.T) {
-	cases := []struct {
-		name, header, token string
-		want                error
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		header, token string
+		want          error
 	}{
-		{name: "standard", header: "Bearer test-token-xyz", token: "test-token-xyz"},
-		{name: "embedded space", header: "Bearer a b", token: "a b"},
-		{name: "trailing space", header: "Bearer x ", token: "x "},
-
-		{name: "empty token", header: "Bearer ", want: ErrAuthEmptyBearerToken},
-		{name: "missing scheme", header: "Invalid header", want: ErrAuthInvalidBearerFormat},
-		{name: "lowercase scheme", header: "bearer x", want: ErrAuthInvalidBearerFormat},
-		{name: "no space", header: "Bearer", want: ErrAuthInvalidBearerFormat},
-		{name: "empty header", header: "", want: ErrAuthInvalidBearerFormat},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range cases {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			token, err := ParseBearerToken(tc.header)
-			if tc.want != nil {
-				errIs(t, err, tc.want, tc.name)
-				eq(t, token, "", "token on failure")
-				return
-			}
-			noErr(t, err, tc.name)
-			eq(t, token, tc.token, "token")
-		})
+		{"Bearer abc.def-_/+~==", "abc.def-_/+~==", nil},
+		{"bEaReR  token", "token", nil},
+		{"Bearer ", "", ErrAuthEmptyBearerToken},
+		{"Bearer   ", "", ErrAuthEmptyBearerToken},
+		{"Bearer", "", ErrAuthInvalidBearerFormat},
+		{"Bearer x y", "", ErrAuthInvalidBearerFormat},
+		{"Bearer x ", "", ErrAuthInvalidBearerFormat},
+		{"Bearer x\r\n", "", ErrAuthInvalidBearerFormat},
+		{"Bearer x\ty", "", ErrAuthInvalidBearerFormat},
+		{"Bearer =", "", ErrAuthInvalidBearerFormat},
+		{"Bearer a=b", "", ErrAuthInvalidBearerFormat},
+		{"Other x", "", ErrAuthInvalidBearerFormat},
+		{"Bearer " + strings.Repeat("x", MaxTokenLen+1), "", ErrTokenTooLong},
+	} {
+		token, err := ParseBearerToken(tc.header)
+		if tc.want != nil {
+			errIs(t, err, tc.want, tc.header)
+		} else {
+			noErr(t, err, tc.header)
+		}
+		eq(t, token, tc.token, "token")
 	}
 }
 
-func TestExtractAuthType(t *testing.T) {
-	cases := map[string]string{
-		"Basic dXNlcjpwYXNz": "Basic",
-		"Bearer token":       "Bearer",
-		"Custom somedata":    "Custom",
-		"Basic ":             "Basic",
-		"InvalidHeader":      "",
-		"":                   "",
-		" Bearer token":      "", // cut at the first space yields an empty scheme
+func FuzzParseBearerToken(f *testing.F) {
+	for _, seed := range []string{"Bearer token", "bearer  abc+/==", "Bearer x\n", "Bearer a=b", ""} {
+		f.Add(seed)
 	}
-	for header, want := range cases {
-		eq(t, ExtractAuthType(header), want, fmt.Sprintf("header %q", header))
-	}
-}
-
-func FuzzParseBasicAuth(f *testing.F) {
-	f.Add(basicHeader("user:pass"))
-	f.Add("Basic ")
-	f.Add("")
-	f.Add("Basic !!!")
-
 	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, header string) {
-		username, password, err := ParseBasicAuth(header)
+		token, err := ParseBearerToken(header)
 		if err != nil {
-			if username != "" || password != "" {
-				t.Fatal("values returned alongside error")
+			if token != "" {
+				t.Fatal("token with error")
 			}
 			return
 		}
-		encoded, ok := strings.CutPrefix(header, "Basic ")
-		if !ok {
-			t.Fatal("accepted a header without the Basic prefix")
+		if token == "" || len(token) > MaxTokenLen || strings.ContainsAny(token, " \t\r\n") {
+			t.Fatal("invalid token accepted")
 		}
-		decoded, decErr := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(encoded)
-		if decErr != nil {
-			t.Fatal("accepted an undecodable payload")
-		}
-		if string(decoded) != username+":"+password {
-			t.Fatalf("lossy split: %q vs %q", decoded, username+":"+password)
+		again, err := ParseBearerToken("Bearer " + token)
+		if err != nil || again != token {
+			t.Fatal("noncanonical roundtrip")
 		}
 	})
 }

jwt.go

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 package auth
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"crypto/rsa"
 	"crypto/x509"
 	"encoding/pem"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5"
@@ -15,6 +18,8 @@ import (
 const (
 	DefaultTokenLifetime = 24 * time.Hour
 	DefaultLeeway        = 5 * time.Minute
+	MaxTokenLen          = 16 * 1024
+	MinRSABits           = 2048
 )
 
 // customClaims extends RegisteredClaims with arbitrary user data
@@ -23,8 +28,10 @@ type customClaims struct {
 	Extra map[string]any `json:"extra,omitempty"`
 }
 
-// JWT manages token generation and validation
+// JWT manages token generation and validation. Construct once and reuse; its
+// immutable configuration and parser are safe for concurrent use.
 type JWT struct {
+	parser        *jwt.Parser
 	algorithm     jwt.SigningMethod
 	signKey       any // []byte for HMAC, *rsa.PrivateKey for RSA
 	verifyKey     any // []byte for HMAC, *rsa.PublicKey for RSA
@@ -34,7 +41,8 @@ type JWT struct {
 	audience      []string
 }
 
-// JWTOption configures JWT behavior
+// JWTOption configures JWT behavior at construction time. Do not apply options
+// to an existing manager.
 type JWTOption func(*JWT)
 
 // WithTokenLifetime sets token expiration duration
@@ -65,7 +73,7 @@ func WithIssuer(iss string) JWTOption {
 // WithAudience sets token audience claim
 func WithAudience(aud []string) JWTOption {
 	return func(j *JWT) {
-		j.audience = aud
+		j.audience = append([]string(nil), aud...)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -75,6 +83,7 @@ func NewJWT(secret []byte, opts ...JWTOption) (*JWT, error) {
 		return nil, ErrSecretTooShort
 	}
 
+	secret = bytes.Clone(secret)
 	j := &JWT{
 		algorithm:     jwt.SigningMethodHS256,
 		signKey:       secret,
@@ -83,10 +92,7 @@ func NewJWT(secret []byte, opts ...JWTOption) (*JWT, error) {
 		leeway:        DefaultLeeway,
 	}
 
-	for _, opt := range opts {
-		opt(j)
-	}
-
+	j.configure(opts)
 	return j, nil
 }
 
@@ -96,6 +102,10 @@ func NewJWTRSA(privateKey *rsa.PrivateKey, opts ...JWTOption) (*JWT, error) {
 		return nil, ErrTokenNoPrivateKey
 	}
 
+	privateKey, err := cloneRSAPrivateKey(privateKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	j := &JWT{
 		algorithm:     jwt.SigningMethodRS256,
 		signKey:       privateKey,
@@ -104,10 +114,7 @@ func NewJWTRSA(privateKey *rsa.PrivateKey, opts ...JWTOption) (*JWT, error) {
 		leeway:        DefaultLeeway,
 	}
 
-	for _, opt := range opts {
-		opt(j)
-	}
-
+	j.configure(opts)
 	return j, nil
 }
 
@@ -127,6 +134,10 @@ func NewJWTVerifier(publicKey *rsa.PublicKey, opts ...JWTOption) (*JWT, error) {
 		return nil, ErrTokenNoPublicKey
 	}
 
+	if err := validateRSAPublicKey(publicKey); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	publicKey = &rsa.PublicKey{N: new(big.Int).Set(publicKey.N), E: publicKey.E}
 	j := &JWT{
 		algorithm:     jwt.SigningMethodRS256,
 		signKey:       nil, // Cannot sign
@@ -135,10 +146,7 @@ func NewJWTVerifier(publicKey *rsa.PublicKey, opts ...JWTOption) (*JWT, error) {
 		leeway:        DefaultLeeway,
 	}
 
-	for _, opt := range opts {
-		opt(j)
-	}
-
+	j.configure(opts)
 	return j, nil
 }
 
@@ -177,33 +185,55 @@ func (j *JWT) GenerateToken(userID string, claims map[string]any) (string, error
 		Extra:            claims,
 	})
 
-	return token.SignedString(j.signKey)
+	signed, err := token.SignedString(j.signKey)
+	if len(signed) > MaxTokenLen {
+		return "", ErrTokenTooLong
+	}
+	return signed, err
 }
 
-// ValidateToken verifies JWT and extracts claims
-func (j *JWT) ValidateToken(tokenString string) (string, map[string]any, error) {
-	parser := jwt.NewParser(
-		jwt.WithLeeway(j.leeway),
-		jwt.WithAudience(j.audience...),
-		jwt.WithIssuer(j.issuer),
-		jwt.WithValidMethods([]string{j.algorithm.Alg()}),
-		jwt.WithExpirationRequired(),
+func (j *JWT) configure(opts []JWTOption) {
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		if opt != nil {
+			opt(j)
+		}
+	}
+	j.parser = jwt.NewParser(
+		jwt.WithLeeway(j.leeway), jwt.WithAudience(j.audience...), jwt.WithIssuer(j.issuer),
+		jwt.WithValidMethods([]string{j.algorithm.Alg()}), jwt.WithExpirationRequired(),
+		jwt.WithIssuedAt(), jwt.WithStrictDecoding(),
 	)
+}
 
+// ValidateToken verifies JWT and returns a nonempty subject plus application
+// claims. Issuer/audience are enforced when configured; claims are nil on error.
+func (j *JWT) ValidateToken(tokenString string) (string, map[string]any, error) {
+	return validateJWT(j.parser, j.verifyKey, tokenString)
+}
+
+func validateJWT(parser *jwt.Parser, key any, tokenString string) (string, map[string]any, error) {
+	if len(tokenString) > MaxTokenLen {
+		return "", nil, ErrTokenTooLong
+	}
+	if strings.ContainsAny(tokenString, "\r\n") {
+		return "", nil, ErrTokenMalformed
+	}
 	token, err := parser.ParseWithClaims(tokenString, &customClaims{}, func(token *jwt.Token) (any, error) {
-		// Algorithm already validated by WithValidMethods
-		return j.verifyKey, nil
+		if _, ok := token.Header["crit"]; ok {
+			return nil, ErrTokenMalformed
+		}
+		return key, nil
 	})
-
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", nil, mapJWTError(err)
 	}
-
 	claims, ok := token.Claims.(*customClaims)
 	if !ok || !token.Valid {
 		return "", nil, ErrTokenMalformed
 	}
-
+	if claims.Subject == "" {
+		return "", nil, ErrTokenEmptyUserID
+	}
 	return claims.Subject, claims.Extra, nil
 }
 
@@ -218,7 +248,7 @@ func mapJWTError(err error) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrTokenInvalidSignature, err)
 	case errors.Is(err, jwt.ErrTokenExpired):
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrTokenExpired, err)
-	case errors.Is(err, jwt.ErrTokenNotValidYet):
+	case errors.Is(err, jwt.ErrTokenNotValidYet), errors.Is(err, jwt.ErrTokenUsedBeforeIssued):
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrTokenNotYetValid, err)
 	case errors.Is(err, jwt.ErrTokenInvalidAudience):
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrTokenMissingClaim, err)
@@ -231,55 +261,38 @@ func mapJWTError(err error) error {
 	}
 }
 
-// GenerateHS256Token creates HS256 JWT without manager instance
-func GenerateHS256Token(secret []byte, userID string, claims map[string]any, lifetime time.Duration) (string, error) {
-	if len(secret) < 32 {
-		return "", ErrSecretTooShort
+func validateRSAPublicKey(key *rsa.PublicKey) error {
+	if key.N == nil || key.N.Sign() <= 0 || key.N.Bit(0) == 0 || key.E < 3 || key.E&1 == 0 || key.E > 1<<31-1 {
+		return ErrRSAInvalidPublicKey
 	}
-	if userID == "" {
-		return "", ErrTokenEmptyUserID
+	if key.N.BitLen() < MinRSABits {
+		return ErrRSAWeakKey
 	}
-
-	now := time.Now()
-	token := jwt.NewWithClaims(jwt.SigningMethodHS256, customClaims{
-		RegisteredClaims: jwt.RegisteredClaims{
-			Subject:   userID,
-			IssuedAt:  jwt.NewNumericDate(now),
-			NotBefore: jwt.NewNumericDate(now),
-			ExpiresAt: jwt.NewNumericDate(now.Add(lifetime)),
-		},
-		Extra: claims,
-	})
-
-	return token.SignedString(secret)
+	return nil
 }
 
-// ValidateHS256Token verifies HS256 JWT without manager instance
-func ValidateHS256Token(secret []byte, tokenString string) (string, map[string]any, error) {
-	if len(secret) < 32 {
-		return "", nil, ErrSecretTooShort
+func cloneRSAPrivateKey(key *rsa.PrivateKey) (*rsa.PrivateKey, error) {
+	if err := validateRSAPublicKey(&key.PublicKey); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-
-	parser := jwt.NewParser(
-		jwt.WithValidMethods([]string{"HS256"}),
-		jwt.WithLeeway(DefaultLeeway),
-		jwt.WithExpirationRequired(),
-	)
-
-	token, err := parser.ParseWithClaims(tokenString, &customClaims{}, func(token *jwt.Token) (any, error) {
-		return secret, nil
-	})
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", nil, mapJWTError(err)
+	if key.D == nil || key.D.Sign() <= 0 || len(key.Primes) < 2 {
+		return nil, ErrRSAInvalidPrivateKey
 	}
-
-	claims, ok := token.Claims.(*customClaims)
-	if !ok || !token.Valid {
-		return "", nil, ErrTokenMalformed
+	copy := &rsa.PrivateKey{
+		PublicKey: rsa.PublicKey{N: new(big.Int).Set(key.N), E: key.E},
+		D:         new(big.Int).Set(key.D), Primes: make([]*big.Int, len(key.Primes)),
 	}
-
-	return claims.Subject, claims.Extra, nil
+	for i, prime := range key.Primes {
+		if prime == nil || prime.Sign() <= 0 {
+			return nil, ErrRSAInvalidPrivateKey
+		}
+		copy.Primes[i] = new(big.Int).Set(prime)
+	}
+	if err := copy.Validate(); err != nil {
+		return nil, ErrRSAInvalidPrivateKey
+	}
+	copy.Precompute()
+	return copy, nil
 }
 
 // parseRSAPrivateKey parses a PEM-encoded RSA private key.
@@ -309,6 +322,9 @@ func parseRSAPublicKey(pemBytes []byte) (*rsa.PublicKey, error) {
 	if block == nil {
 		return nil, ErrRSAInvalidPEM
 	}
+	if key, err := x509.ParsePKCS1PublicKey(block.Bytes); err == nil {
+		return key, nil
+	}
 	pubInterface, err := x509.ParsePKIXPublicKey(block.Bytes)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, ErrRSAInvalidPublicKey

jwt_test.go

@@ -145,11 +145,6 @@ func TestJWTSecretLength(t *testing.T) {
 	errIs(t, err, ErrSecretTooShort, "31 bytes")
 	_, err = NewJWT(make([]byte, 32))
 	noErr(t, err, "32 bytes")
-
-	_, err = GenerateHS256Token(make([]byte, 31), "u", nil, time.Hour)
-	errIs(t, err, ErrSecretTooShort, "standalone generate")
-	_, _, err = ValidateHS256Token(make([]byte, 31), "irrelevant")
-	errIs(t, err, ErrSecretTooShort, "standalone validate")
 }
 
 func TestJWTEmptyUserID(t *testing.T) {
@@ -157,8 +152,6 @@ func TestJWTEmptyUserID(t *testing.T) {
 	noErr(t, err, "NewJWT")
 	_, err = manager.GenerateToken("", map[string]any{"role": "admin"})
 	errIs(t, err, ErrTokenEmptyUserID, "empty user id")
-	_, err = GenerateHS256Token(testSecret, "", nil, time.Hour)
-	errIs(t, err, ErrTokenEmptyUserID, "standalone empty user id")
 }
 
 func TestJWTRS256(t *testing.T) {
@@ -215,7 +208,7 @@ func TestJWTAlgorithmEnforcement(t *testing.T) {
 	_, _, err = rs.ValidateToken(hsToken)
 	errIs(t, err, ErrTokenInvalidSignature, "HS256 token to RS256 manager")
 
-	// ☢ algorithm confusion: HS256 token keyed with the RSA public key
+	// Algorithm confusion: HS256 token keyed with the RSA public key
 	pubBytes, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(&key.PublicKey)
 	noErr(t, err, "marshal public key")
 	pubPEM := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "PUBLIC KEY", Bytes: pubBytes})
@@ -315,8 +308,7 @@ func TestJWTExpiryAndLeeway(t *testing.T) {
 	_, _, err = lenient.ValidateToken(notYet)
 	noErr(t, err, "nbf inside leeway")
 
-	// exp is mandatory. ‼️ mapJWTError has no case for
-	// jwt.ErrTokenRequiredClaimMissing, so this surfaces as malformed.
+	// exp is mandatory.
 	noExp := signHS256(t, testSecret, defaultHeader(), map[string]any{"sub": "u", "iat": now.Unix()})
 	_, _, err = strict.ValidateToken(noExp)
 	errIs(t, err, ErrTokenMissingClaim, "missing exp")
@@ -381,20 +373,24 @@ func TestJWTIssuerAudience(t *testing.T) {
 	noErr(t, err, "unconstrained validation")
 }
 
-func TestJWTUnenforcedClaims(t *testing.T) {
-	// Documented gaps: sub is not required and iat is not verified.
-	// Callers must reject an empty user id themselves.
-	manager, err := NewJWT(testSecret)
+func TestJWTRequiredSubjectAndIssuedAt(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, err := NewJWT(testSecret, WithLeeway(0))
 	noErr(t, err, "NewJWT")
-
-	token := signHS256(t, testSecret, defaultHeader(), map[string]any{
-		"exp": time.Now().Add(time.Hour).Unix(),
-		"iat": time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour).Unix(),
-	})
-	userID, claims, err := manager.ValidateToken(token)
-	noErr(t, err, "token without subject")
-	eq(t, userID, "", "empty subject accepted")
-	eq(t, len(claims), 0, "no extra claims")
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		claims map[string]any
+		want   error
+	}{
+		{map[string]any{"exp": time.Now().Add(time.Hour).Unix()}, ErrTokenEmptyUserID},
+		{map[string]any{"sub": "", "exp": time.Now().Add(time.Hour).Unix()}, ErrTokenEmptyUserID},
+		{map[string]any{"sub": "u", "exp": time.Now().Add(time.Hour).Unix(), "iat": time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour).Unix()}, ErrTokenNotYetValid},
+	} {
+		token := signHS256(t, testSecret, defaultHeader(), tc.claims)
+		id, claims, err := manager.ValidateToken(token)
+		errIs(t, err, tc.want, "invalid claims")
+		if id != "" || claims != nil {
+			t.Fatal("claims returned with error")
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 func TestJWTOptionGuards(t *testing.T) {
@@ -415,38 +411,22 @@ func TestJWTOptionGuards(t *testing.T) {
 	eq(t, verifier.leeway, time.Minute, "leeway")
 }
 
-func TestJWTStandaloneFunctions(t *testing.T) {
-	token, err := GenerateHS256Token(testSecret, "standalone-user",
-		map[string]any{"test": "value", "count": 42}, time.Hour)
-	noErr(t, err, "GenerateHS256Token")
+func TestJWTClaimsRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, err := NewJWT(testSecret, WithLeeway(0))
+	noErr(t, err, "NewJWT")
+	token, err := manager.GenerateToken("user", map[string]any{"test": "value", "count": 42})
+	noErr(t, err, "GenerateToken")
 
-	userID, claims, err := ValidateHS256Token(testSecret, token)
-	noErr(t, err, "ValidateHS256Token")
-	eq(t, userID, "standalone-user", "user id")
+	userID, claims, err := manager.ValidateToken(token)
+	noErr(t, err, "ValidateToken")
+	eq(t, userID, "user", "user id")
 	eq(t, str(t, claims, "test"), "value", "string claim")
 	eq(t, claims["count"], any(float64(42)), "numeric claim after JSON round trip")
 
-	_, _, err = ValidateHS256Token(bytes.Repeat([]byte("x"), 32), token)
+	other, err := NewJWT(bytes.Repeat([]byte("x"), 32))
+	noErr(t, err, "NewJWT other key")
+	_, _, err = other.ValidateToken(token)
 	errIs(t, err, ErrTokenInvalidSignature, "wrong secret")
-
-	expired, err := GenerateHS256Token(testSecret, "u", nil, -time.Hour)
-	noErr(t, err, "expired token")
-	_, _, err = ValidateHS256Token(testSecret, expired)
-	errIs(t, err, ErrTokenExpired, "expired beyond default leeway")
-
-	// standalone validation checks neither issuer nor audience
-	scoped, err := NewJWT(testSecret, WithIssuer("iss"), WithAudience([]string{"aud"}))
-	noErr(t, err, "NewJWT scoped")
-	scopedToken, err := scoped.GenerateToken("u", nil)
-	noErr(t, err, "GenerateToken scoped")
-	_, _, err = ValidateHS256Token(testSecret, scopedToken)
-	noErr(t, err, "issuer and audience are not enforced standalone")
-
-	// tokens are interchangeable with the manager form
-	managed, err := NewJWT(testSecret)
-	noErr(t, err, "NewJWT")
-	_, _, err = managed.ValidateToken(token)
-	noErr(t, err, "standalone token accepted by manager")
 }
 
 func TestJWTPEM(t *testing.T) {
@@ -559,8 +539,12 @@ func TestJWTConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func FuzzValidateHS256Token(f *testing.F) {
-	token, err := GenerateHS256Token(testSecret, "seed", map[string]any{"a": 1}, time.Hour)
+func FuzzValidateToken(f *testing.F) {
+	manager, err := NewJWT(testSecret, WithIssuer("iss"), WithAudience([]string{"aud"}))
+	if err != nil {
+		f.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	token, err := manager.GenerateToken("seed", map[string]any{"a": 1})
 	if err != nil {
 		f.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -570,7 +554,7 @@ func FuzzValidateHS256Token(f *testing.F) {
 	f.Add(strings.Repeat(".", 16))
 
 	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, s string) {
-		_, _, err := ValidateHS256Token(testSecret, s)
+		_, _, err := manager.ValidateToken(s)
 		if err != nil {
 			return
 		}

scram.go

@@ -6,11 +6,16 @@ import (
 	"crypto/sha256"
 	"crypto/subtle"
 	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
+	"unicode"
+	"unicode/utf8"
 
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/argon2"
 )
@@ -26,6 +31,9 @@ const (
 	// not compute: per client-first server cost is one HMAC. Rate limiting
 	// upstream remains the control for connection floods.
 	ScramMaxHandshakes = 4096
+	MaxUsernameLen     = 256
+	MaxClientNonceLen  = 256
+	MaxFullNonceLen    = 512
 )
 
 // Credential stores SCRAM authentication data
@@ -63,80 +71,40 @@ func ImportCredential(data map[string]any) (*Credential, error) {
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, ErrCredMissingSalt
 	}
-	salt, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(saltStr)
+	salt, err := decodeBase64(saltStr, base64.StdEncoding, MaxArgonSaltLen)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, ErrCredInvalidSalt
 	}
 
-	// Handle both float64 (from JSON) and int types
-	getUint32 := func(key string) (uint32, error) {
-		val, ok := data[key]
+	getNumber := func(key string, bits int, missing error) (uint64, error) {
+		v, ok := data[key]
 		if !ok {
-			switch key {
-			case "argon_time":
-				return 0, ErrCredMissingTime
-			case "argon_memory":
-				return 0, ErrCredMissingMemory
-			default:
-				return 0, fmt.Errorf("missing %s", key)
-			}
+			return 0, missing
 		}
-		switch v := val.(type) {
-		case float64:
-			// out-of-range float→int conversion is undefined in Go
-			if v < 0 || v > math.MaxUint32 || v != math.Trunc(v) {
-				return 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrCredInvalidType, key)
-			}
-			return uint32(v), nil
-		case int:
-			if v < 0 || int64(v) > math.MaxUint32 {
-				return 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrCredInvalidType, key)
-			}
-			return uint32(v), nil
-		case uint32:
-			return v, nil
-		default:
+		n, err := credentialNumber(v, bits)
+		if err != nil {
 			return 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrCredInvalidType, key)
 		}
+		return n, nil
 	}
-
-	argonTime, err := getUint32("argon_time")
+	t, err := getNumber("argon_time", 32, ErrCredMissingTime)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
-	argonMemory, err := getUint32("argon_memory")
+	m, err := getNumber("argon_memory", 32, ErrCredMissingMemory)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
-	threadsVal, ok := data["argon_threads"]
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, ErrCredMissingThreads
-	}
-	var argonThreads uint8
-	switch v := threadsVal.(type) {
-	case float64:
-		if v < 0 || v > math.MaxUint8 || v != math.Trunc(v) {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: argon_threads", ErrCredInvalidType)
-		}
-		argonThreads = uint8(v)
-	case int:
-		if v < 0 || v > math.MaxUint8 {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: argon_threads", ErrCredInvalidType)
-		}
-		argonThreads = uint8(v)
-	case uint8:
-		argonThreads = v
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: argon_threads", ErrCredInvalidType)
+	p, err := getNumber("argon_threads", 8, ErrCredMissingThreads)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	storedKeyStr, ok := data["stored_key"].(string)
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, ErrCredMissingStoredKey
 	}
-	storedKey, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(storedKeyStr)
+	storedKey, err := decodeBase64(storedKeyStr, base64.StdEncoding, sha256.Size)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrCredInvalidStoredKey, err)
 	}
@@ -145,54 +113,164 @@ func ImportCredential(data map[string]any) (*Credential, error) {
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, ErrCredMissingServerKey
 	}
-	serverKey, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(serverKeyStr)
+	serverKey, err := decodeBase64(serverKeyStr, base64.StdEncoding, sha256.Size)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrCredInvalidServerKey, err)
 	}
 
-	// Post-decode validation
-	if argonTime == 0 || argonMemory == 0 || argonThreads == 0 {
-		return nil, ErrSCRAMZeroParams
+	c := &Credential{
+		Username: username, Salt: salt,
+		ArgonTime: uint32(t), ArgonMemory: uint32(m), ArgonThreads: uint8(p),
+		StoredKey: storedKey, ServerKey: serverKey,
 	}
-	if err := checkArgonCost(argonMemory, argonTime, argonThreads); err != nil {
-		return nil, ErrSCRAMParamsTooLarge
-	}
-	if len(salt) < 16 {
-		return nil, ErrSCRAMSaltTooShort
-	}
-	if len(storedKey) != sha256.Size {
-		return nil, ErrCredInvalidStoredKey
-	}
-	if len(serverKey) != sha256.Size {
-		return nil, ErrCredInvalidServerKey
+	if err := c.Validate(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
+	return c, nil
+}
 
-	return &Credential{
-		Username:     username,
-		Salt:         salt,
-		ArgonTime:    argonTime,
-		ArgonMemory:  argonMemory,
-		ArgonThreads: argonThreads,
-		StoredKey:    storedKey,
-		ServerKey:    serverKey,
-	}, nil
+func credentialNumber(value any, bits int) (uint64, error) {
+	var n uint64
+	switch v := value.(type) {
+	case json.Number:
+		return strconv.ParseUint(string(v), 10, bits)
+	case float64:
+		if math.IsNaN(v) || v < 0 || v > math.MaxUint32 || v != math.Trunc(v) {
+			return 0, ErrCredInvalidType
+		}
+		n = uint64(v)
+	case int:
+		if v < 0 {
+			return 0, ErrCredInvalidType
+		}
+		n = uint64(v)
+	case int64:
+		if v < 0 {
+			return 0, ErrCredInvalidType
+		}
+		n = uint64(v)
+	case uint:
+		n = uint64(v)
+	case uint64:
+		n = v
+	case uint32:
+		n = uint64(v)
+	case uint8:
+		n = uint64(v)
+	default:
+		return 0, ErrCredInvalidType
+	}
+	if n > (uint64(1)<<bits)-1 {
+		return 0, ErrCredInvalidType
+	}
+	return n, nil
+}
+
+// Validate checks a credential before persistence or registration. Credentials
+// use one deployment-wide KDF profile to avoid revealing account existence.
+func (c *Credential) Validate() error {
+	if c == nil {
+		return ErrInvalidCredentials
+	}
+	if err := validateUsername(c.Username); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := validateSalt(c.Salt); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := checkScramCost(c.ArgonMemory, c.ArgonTime, c.ArgonThreads); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(c.StoredKey) != sha256.Size {
+		return ErrCredInvalidStoredKey
+	}
+	if len(c.ServerKey) != sha256.Size {
+		return ErrCredInvalidServerKey
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func validateUsername(username string) error {
+	if username == "" || len(username) > MaxUsernameLen || !utf8.ValidString(username) {
+		return ErrSCRAMInvalidUsername
+	}
+	for _, r := range username {
+		if r == ',' || r == '=' || unicode.IsControl(r) {
+			return ErrSCRAMInvalidUsername
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func validNonce(nonce string, maxLen int) bool {
+	if len(nonce) == 0 || len(nonce) > maxLen {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i := range nonce {
+		if nonce[i] < 0x21 || nonce[i] > 0x7e || nonce[i] == ',' {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func validateSalt(salt []byte) error {
+	if len(salt) < DefaultArgonSaltLen {
+		return ErrSCRAMSaltTooShort
+	}
+	if len(salt) > MaxArgonSaltLen {
+		return ErrSCRAMSaltTooLong
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func checkScramCost(memory, time uint32, threads uint8) error {
+	if time == 0 || threads == 0 || memory < 8*uint32(threads) {
+		return ErrSCRAMZeroParams
+	}
+	if err := checkArgonCost(memory, time, threads); err != nil {
+		return ErrSCRAMParamsTooLarge
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// NewCredential provisions a credential with a fresh random salt and one KDF
+// pass. The same options and password policy as HashPassword apply.
+func NewCredential(username, password string, opts ...Option) (*Credential, error) {
+	if err := validateUsername(username); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(password) < 8 {
+		return nil, ErrWeakPassword
+	}
+	params := &argonParams{time: DefaultArgonTime, memory: DefaultArgonMemory, threads: DefaultArgonThreads}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		if opt != nil {
+			opt(params)
+		}
+	}
+	salt := make([]byte, DefaultArgonSaltLen)
+	rand.Read(salt)
+	return DeriveCredential(username, password, salt, params.time, params.memory, params.threads)
 }
 
 // DeriveCredential creates SCRAM credential from password
 func DeriveCredential(username, password string, salt []byte, time, memory uint32, threads uint8) (*Credential, error) {
-	if len(salt) < 16 {
-		return nil, ErrSCRAMSaltTooShort
+	if err := validateUsername(username); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-
-	if time == 0 || memory == 0 || threads == 0 {
-		return nil, ErrSCRAMZeroParams
+	if err := validateSalt(salt); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := checkScramCost(memory, time, threads); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-
 	if len(password) > MaxPasswordLen {
 		return nil, ErrPasswordTooLong
 	}
 
 	saltedPassword := argon2.IDKey([]byte(password), salt, time, memory, threads, DefaultArgonKeyLen)
+	defer clear(saltedPassword)
 	return credentialFromSaltedPassword(username, saltedPassword, salt, time, memory, threads), nil
 }
 
@@ -217,26 +295,35 @@ type ScramServer struct {
 	cleanupTicker *time.Ticker
 	cleanupStop   chan struct{}
 	stopOnce      sync.Once
+	stopped       bool
 }
 
-// NewScramServer creates SCRAM server
+// NewScramServer uses a random per-instance decoy key. For restarts or replicas,
+// use NewScramServerWithDecoyKey with a stable, shared, secret key.
 func NewScramServer() *ScramServer {
-	decoyKey := make([]byte, 32)
-	rand.Read(decoyKey)
-	s := &ScramServer{
-		credentials:   make(map[string]*Credential),
-		handshakes:    make(map[string]*HandshakeState),
-		decoyKey:      decoyKey,
-		cleanupTicker: time.NewTicker(ScramCleanupInterval),
-		cleanupStop:   make(chan struct{}),
-	}
-
-	go s.cleanupLoop()
-
+	key := make([]byte, 32)
+	rand.Read(key)
+	s, _ := NewScramServerWithDecoyKey(key)
+	clear(key)
 	return s
 }
 
-// decoySalt generates stable decoy salt; indistinguishable across repeated probes
+// NewScramServerWithDecoyKey keeps unknown-user salts stable across restarts and
+// replicas. Persist a cryptographically random key separately from credentials.
+func NewScramServerWithDecoyKey(key []byte) (*ScramServer, error) {
+	if len(key) < 32 {
+		return nil, ErrSCRAMDecoyKey
+	}
+	s := &ScramServer{
+		credentials: make(map[string]*Credential), handshakes: make(map[string]*HandshakeState),
+		decoyKey:      append([]byte(nil), key...),
+		cleanupTicker: time.NewTicker(ScramCleanupInterval), cleanupStop: make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+	go s.cleanupLoop()
+	return s, nil
+}
+
+// decoySalt generates a stable, username-specific decoy salt.
 func (s *ScramServer) decoySalt(username string) []byte {
 	n := len(s.decoyTemplate.Salt)
 	if n < 16 {
@@ -244,7 +331,7 @@ func (s *ScramServer) decoySalt(username string) []byte {
 	}
 	out := make([]byte, 0, n)
 	for i := 0; len(out) < n; i++ {
-		out = append(out, computeHMAC(s.decoyKey, fmt.Appendf(nil, "%s|%d", username, i))...)
+		out = append(out, computeHMAC(s.decoyKey, fmt.Appendf(nil, "auth/scram/decoy|%s|%d", username, i))...)
 	}
 	return out[:n]
 }
@@ -252,6 +339,12 @@ func (s *ScramServer) decoySalt(username string) []byte {
 // Stop gracefully shuts down the server and cleanup goroutine
 func (s *ScramServer) Stop() {
 	s.stopOnce.Do(func() {
+		s.mu.Lock()
+		s.stopped = true
+		clear(s.handshakes)
+		clear(s.credentials)
+		clear(s.decoyKey)
+		s.mu.Unlock()
 		close(s.cleanupStop)
 		s.cleanupTicker.Stop()
 	})
@@ -298,9 +391,19 @@ func (s *ScramServer) evictExpiredLocked() {
 // reached; the cap is applied before credential lookup so the rejection path is
 // identical for known and unknown users.
 func (s *ScramServer) ProcessClientFirstMessage(username, clientNonce string) (ServerFirstMessage, error) {
+	if err := validateUsername(username); err != nil {
+		return ServerFirstMessage{}, err
+	}
+	if !validNonce(clientNonce, MaxClientNonceLen) {
+		return ServerFirstMessage{}, ErrSCRAMInvalidNonce
+	}
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	defer s.mu.Unlock()
 
+	if s.stopped {
+		return ServerFirstMessage{}, ErrSCRAMStopped
+	}
+
 	// opportunistic sweep, then hard cap. Applied before the credential
 	// lookup so the rejection path is identical for known and unknown users.
 	if len(s.handshakes) >= ScramMaxHandshakes {
@@ -314,54 +417,42 @@ func (s *ScramServer) ProcessClientFirstMessage(username, clientNonce string) (S
 	serverNonce := rand.Text()
 	fullNonce := clientNonce + serverNonce
 
-	// Check if user exists
-	cred, exists := s.credentials[username]
-	if !exists {
-		t := s.decoyTemplate // mirror real parameter shape
-		if t.ArgonTime == 0 {
-			t.ArgonTime, t.ArgonMemory, t.ArgonThreads = DefaultArgonTime, DefaultArgonMemory, DefaultArgonThreads
-		}
-		// Deterministic salt + stored decoy handshake so the final
-		// step fails with ErrInvalidCredentials, matching the wrong-password path.
-		decoy := &Credential{
-			Username:     username,
-			Salt:         s.decoySalt(username),
-			ArgonTime:    t.ArgonTime,
-			ArgonMemory:  t.ArgonMemory,
-			ArgonThreads: t.ArgonThreads,
-			StoredKey:    make([]byte, sha256.Size), // never matches a real proof
-			ServerKey:    make([]byte, sha256.Size),
-		}
-		s.handshakes[fullNonce] = &HandshakeState{
-			Username: username, ClientNonce: clientNonce, ServerNonce: serverNonce,
-			FullNonce: fullNonce, Credential: decoy, CreatedAt: time.Now(),
-		}
-		return ServerFirstMessage{
-			FullNonce:    fullNonce,
-			Salt:         base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(decoy.Salt),
-			ArgonTime:    decoy.ArgonTime,
-			ArgonMemory:  decoy.ArgonMemory,
-			ArgonThreads: decoy.ArgonThreads,
-		}, nil // No early error → same control flow as valid user
+	// Do the decoy work for known users as well, reducing first-message timing
+	// differences. Uniform response profiles and application rate limits remain
+	// necessary; this is not a constant-time network service.
+	t := s.decoyTemplate
+	if t.ArgonTime == 0 {
+		t.ArgonTime, t.ArgonMemory, t.ArgonThreads = DefaultArgonTime, DefaultArgonMemory, DefaultArgonThreads
+	}
+	cred := &Credential{
+		Username: username, Salt: s.decoySalt(username),
+		ArgonTime: t.ArgonTime, ArgonMemory: t.ArgonMemory, ArgonThreads: t.ArgonThreads,
+		StoredKey: make([]byte, sha256.Size), ServerKey: make([]byte, sha256.Size),
+	}
+	if registered, exists := s.credentials[username]; exists {
+		cred = registered
 	}
-
 	s.handshakes[fullNonce] = &HandshakeState{
 		Username: username, ClientNonce: clientNonce, ServerNonce: serverNonce,
 		FullNonce: fullNonce, Credential: cred, CreatedAt: time.Now(),
 	}
 	return ServerFirstMessage{
-		FullNonce:    fullNonce,
-		Salt:         base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(cred.Salt),
-		ArgonTime:    cred.ArgonTime,
-		ArgonMemory:  cred.ArgonMemory,
-		ArgonThreads: cred.ArgonThreads,
+		FullNonce: fullNonce, Salt: base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(cred.Salt),
+		ArgonTime: cred.ArgonTime, ArgonMemory: cred.ArgonMemory, ArgonThreads: cred.ArgonThreads,
 	}, nil
 }
 
 // ProcessClientFinalMessage verifies client proof
 func (s *ScramServer) ProcessClientFinalMessage(fullNonce, clientProof string) (ServerFinalMessage, error) {
-	// ookup + CAS under one write lock; closes the sweep race
+	if !validNonce(fullNonce, MaxFullNonceLen) {
+		return ServerFinalMessage{}, ErrSCRAMInvalidNonce
+	}
+	// Lookup + CAS under one write lock; closes the sweep race
 	s.mu.Lock()
+	if s.stopped {
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		return ServerFinalMessage{}, ErrSCRAMStopped
+	}
 	state, exists := s.handshakes[fullNonce]
 	if !exists {
 		s.mu.Unlock()
@@ -374,8 +465,7 @@ func (s *ScramServer) ProcessClientFinalMessage(fullNonce, clientProof string) (
 	}
 
 	defer func() {
-		state.verifying.Store(0)
-		// Safe to delete after verification completes
+		// Keep the claim set until deletion: resetting it first permits replay.
 		s.mu.Lock()
 		delete(s.handshakes, fullNonce)
 		s.mu.Unlock()
@@ -387,7 +477,10 @@ func (s *ScramServer) ProcessClientFinalMessage(fullNonce, clientProof string) (
 	}
 
 	// Decode client proof
-	clientProofBytes, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(clientProof)
+	if len(clientProof) > base64.StdEncoding.EncodedLen(sha256.Size) {
+		return ServerFinalMessage{}, ErrSCRAMInvalidProofLen
+	}
+	clientProofBytes, err := decodeBase64(clientProof, base64.StdEncoding, sha256.Size+1)
 	if err != nil {
 		return ServerFinalMessage{}, ErrSCRAMInvalidProof
 	}
@@ -412,6 +505,7 @@ func (s *ScramServer) ProcessClientFinalMessage(fullNonce, clientProof string) (
 		return ServerFinalMessage{}, ErrSCRAMInvalidProofLen
 	}
 	clientKey := make([]byte, len(clientProofBytes))
+	defer clear(clientKey)
 	subtle.XORBytes(clientKey, clientProofBytes, clientSignature)
 
 	// Verify by computing StoredKey
@@ -420,6 +514,18 @@ func (s *ScramServer) ProcessClientFinalMessage(fullNonce, clientProof string) (
 		return ServerFinalMessage{}, ErrInvalidCredentials
 	}
 
+	// Linearize successful authentication against credential replacement/removal.
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	current := s.credentials[state.Username]
+	stopped := s.stopped
+	s.mu.RUnlock()
+	if stopped {
+		return ServerFinalMessage{}, ErrSCRAMStopped
+	}
+	if current != state.Credential {
+		return ServerFinalMessage{}, ErrInvalidCredentials
+	}
+
 	// Generate server signature for mutual auth
 	serverSignature := computeHMAC(state.Credential.ServerKey, []byte(authMessage))
 
@@ -429,46 +535,123 @@ func (s *ScramServer) ProcessClientFinalMessage(fullNonce, clientProof string) (
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// AddCredential registers user credential
-func (s *ScramServer) AddCredential(cred *Credential) {
+// AddCredential validates and copies a credential. Replacing one invalidates
+// that user's pending handshakes. The caller may reuse its slices after return.
+func (s *ScramServer) AddCredential(cred *Credential) error {
+	if err := cred.Validate(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	copy := *cred
+	copy.Salt = append([]byte(nil), cred.Salt...)
+	copy.StoredKey = append([]byte(nil), cred.StoredKey...)
+	copy.ServerKey = append([]byte(nil), cred.ServerKey...)
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	defer s.mu.Unlock()
-	s.credentials[cred.Username] = cred
-	s.decoyTemplate = Credential{
-		Salt:         make([]byte, len(cred.Salt)),
-		ArgonTime:    cred.ArgonTime,
-		ArgonMemory:  cred.ArgonMemory,
-		ArgonThreads: cred.ArgonThreads,
+	if s.stopped {
+		return ErrSCRAMStopped
+	}
+	t := s.decoyTemplate
+	if t.ArgonTime != 0 && (t.ArgonTime != copy.ArgonTime || t.ArgonMemory != copy.ArgonMemory || t.ArgonThreads != copy.ArgonThreads || len(t.Salt) != len(copy.Salt)) {
+		return ErrSCRAMCredentialProfile
+	}
+	s.invalidateHandshakesLocked(copy.Username)
+	s.credentials[copy.Username] = &copy
+	if t.ArgonTime == 0 {
+		s.decoyTemplate = Credential{
+			Salt: make([]byte, len(copy.Salt)), ArgonTime: copy.ArgonTime,
+			ArgonMemory: copy.ArgonMemory, ArgonThreads: copy.ArgonThreads,
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RemoveCredential revokes future authentication and all pending handshakes.
+// Already issued application sessions/tokens must be revoked by the application.
+func (s *ScramServer) RemoveCredential(username string) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	delete(s.credentials, username)
+	s.invalidateHandshakesLocked(username)
+}
+
+func (s *ScramServer) invalidateHandshakesLocked(username string) {
+	for nonce, state := range s.handshakes {
+		if state.Username == username {
+			delete(s.handshakes, nonce)
+		}
 	}
 }
 
-// ScramClient handles client-side SCRAM authentication
+type scramClientState uint8
+
+const (
+	scramClientIdle scramClientState = iota
+	scramClientAwaitChallenge
+	scramClientAwaitFinal
+)
+
+// ScramClient handles one authentication exchange at a time. It is not safe for
+// concurrent use; use a separate client per connection.
 type ScramClient struct {
-	Username    string
-	Password    string
-	clientNonce string
-	serverFirst *ServerFirstMessage
-	authMessage string
-	serverKey   []byte
-	startTime   time.Time // Track handshake start
+	Username          string
+	Password          string
+	clientNonce       string
+	state             scramClientState
+	handshakeUsername string
+	authMessage       string
+	serverKey         []byte
+	startTime         time.Time // Track handshake start
+	minArgonTime      uint32
+	minArgonMemory    uint32
 }
 
-// NewScramClient creates SCRAM client
-func NewScramClient(username, password string) *ScramClient {
-	return &ScramClient{
-		Username: username,
-		Password: password,
+// ScramClientOption configures client policy at construction time.
+type ScramClientOption func(*ScramClient)
+
+// WithMinArgonCost sets the minimum accepted iterations and memory (KiB).
+// Configure from trusted deployment policy, never from a server challenge.
+// The default is DefaultArgonTime and DefaultArgonMemory. StartAuthentication
+// rejects invalid configuration; reducing these values weakens password safety.
+func WithMinArgonCost(time, memory uint32) ScramClientOption {
+	return func(c *ScramClient) {
+		c.minArgonTime, c.minArgonMemory = time, memory
 	}
 }
 
+// NewScramClient creates a client with a minimum KDF cost matching the package's
+// production defaults. Override only for a trusted, explicitly chosen profile.
+func NewScramClient(username, password string, opts ...ScramClientOption) *ScramClient {
+	c := &ScramClient{
+		Username:       username,
+		Password:       password,
+		minArgonTime:   DefaultArgonTime,
+		minArgonMemory: DefaultArgonMemory,
+	}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		if opt != nil {
+			opt(c)
+		}
+	}
+	return c
+}
+
 // StartAuthentication generates initial client message
 func (c *ScramClient) StartAuthentication() (ClientFirstRequest, error) {
+	c.Reset()
+	if err := checkScramCost(c.minArgonMemory, c.minArgonTime, 1); err != nil {
+		return ClientFirstRequest{}, err
+	}
+	if err := validateUsername(c.Username); err != nil {
+		return ClientFirstRequest{}, err
+	}
 	// Reject oversized password before the handshake commits to a KDF pass
 	if len(c.Password) > MaxPasswordLen {
 		return ClientFirstRequest{}, ErrPasswordTooLong
 	}
 
 	c.startTime = time.Now()
+	c.state = scramClientAwaitChallenge
+	c.handshakeUsername = c.Username
 
 	// Generate client nonce
 	c.clientNonce = rand.Text()
@@ -480,39 +663,50 @@ func (c *ScramClient) StartAuthentication() (ClientFirstRequest, error) {
 }
 
 // ProcessServerFirstMessage handles server challenge
-func (c *ScramClient) ProcessServerFirstMessage(msg ServerFirstMessage) (ClientFinalRequest, error) {
-	// Check timeout
-	if !c.startTime.IsZero() && time.Since(c.startTime) > ScramHandshakeTimeout {
+func (c *ScramClient) ProcessServerFirstMessage(msg ServerFirstMessage) (result ClientFinalRequest, err error) {
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			c.Reset()
+		}
+	}()
+	if c.state != scramClientAwaitChallenge {
+		return ClientFinalRequest{}, ErrSCRAMInvalidState
+	}
+	if time.Since(c.startTime) > ScramHandshakeTimeout {
 		return ClientFinalRequest{}, ErrSCRAMTimeout
 	}
-
-	c.serverFirst = &msg
-
-	// Decode salt
-	salt, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(msg.Salt)
+	if !validNonce(msg.FullNonce, MaxFullNonceLen) || !strings.HasPrefix(msg.FullNonce, c.clientNonce) || len(msg.FullNonce) <= len(c.clientNonce) {
+		return ClientFinalRequest{}, ErrSCRAMInvalidNonce
+	}
+	// Password is exported for compatibility; check it again immediately before KDF.
+	if len(c.Password) > MaxPasswordLen {
+		return ClientFinalRequest{}, ErrPasswordTooLong
+	}
+	salt, err := decodeBase64(msg.Salt, base64.StdEncoding, MaxArgonSaltLen)
 	if err != nil {
 		return ClientFinalRequest{}, ErrSCRAMInvalidSalt
 	}
-
-	// Validate parameters
-	if msg.ArgonTime == 0 || msg.ArgonMemory == 0 || msg.ArgonThreads == 0 {
-		return ClientFinalRequest{}, ErrSCRAMZeroParams
+	if err := validateSalt(salt); err != nil {
+		return ClientFinalRequest{}, err
 	}
-	// The peer chooses these values. Unbounded, they are a remote OOM
-	// against every client that talks to a hostile or compromised server.
-	if err := checkArgonCost(msg.ArgonMemory, msg.ArgonTime, msg.ArgonThreads); err != nil {
-		return ClientFinalRequest{}, ErrSCRAMParamsTooLarge
+	if err := checkScramCost(msg.ArgonMemory, msg.ArgonTime, msg.ArgonThreads); err != nil {
+		return ClientFinalRequest{}, err
+	}
+	if msg.ArgonTime < c.minArgonTime || msg.ArgonMemory < c.minArgonMemory {
+		return ClientFinalRequest{}, ErrSCRAMParamsTooSmall
 	}
 
 	// Derive keys using Argon2id
 	saltedPassword := argon2.IDKey([]byte(c.Password), salt, msg.ArgonTime, msg.ArgonMemory, msg.ArgonThreads, 32)
+	defer clear(saltedPassword)
 
 	clientKey := computeHMAC(saltedPassword, []byte("Client Key"))
+	defer clear(clientKey)
 	serverKey := computeHMAC(saltedPassword, []byte("Server Key"))
 	storedKey := sha256.Sum256(clientKey)
 
 	// Build auth message
-	clientFirstBare := fmt.Sprintf("u=%s,n=%s", c.Username, c.clientNonce)
+	clientFirstBare := fmt.Sprintf("u=%s,n=%s", c.handshakeUsername, c.clientNonce)
 	clientFinalBare := fmt.Sprintf("r=%s", msg.FullNonce)
 	c.authMessage = clientFirstBare + "," + msg.Marshal() + "," + clientFinalBare
 
@@ -523,6 +717,10 @@ func (c *ScramClient) ProcessServerFirstMessage(msg ServerFirstMessage) (ClientF
 
 	// Store server key for verification
 	c.serverKey = serverKey
+	if time.Since(c.startTime) > ScramHandshakeTimeout {
+		return ClientFinalRequest{}, ErrSCRAMTimeout
+	}
+	c.state = scramClientAwaitFinal
 
 	return ClientFinalRequest{
 		FullNonce:   msg.FullNonce,
@@ -532,20 +730,22 @@ func (c *ScramClient) ProcessServerFirstMessage(msg ServerFirstMessage) (ClientF
 
 // VerifyServerFinalMessage validates server signature
 func (c *ScramClient) VerifyServerFinalMessage(msg ServerFinalMessage) error {
-	// Check timeout
-	if !c.startTime.IsZero() && time.Since(c.startTime) > ScramHandshakeTimeout {
+	defer c.Reset() // consume state on success AND failure
+	if c.state != scramClientAwaitFinal {
+		return ErrSCRAMInvalidState
+	}
+	if time.Since(c.startTime) > ScramHandshakeTimeout {
 		return ErrSCRAMTimeout
 	}
-
-	if c.authMessage == "" || c.serverKey == nil {
-		return ErrSCRAMInvalidState
+	if msg.Username != "" && msg.Username != c.handshakeUsername {
+		return ErrSCRAMServerAuthFailed
 	}
 
 	// Compute expected server signature
 	expectedSig := computeHMAC(c.serverKey, []byte(c.authMessage))
 
 	// Decode received signature
-	receivedSig, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(msg.ServerSignature)
+	receivedSig, err := decodeBase64(msg.ServerSignature, base64.StdEncoding, sha256.Size)
 	if err != nil {
 		return ErrSCRAMServerAuthFailed
 	}
@@ -561,8 +761,10 @@ func (c *ScramClient) VerifyServerFinalMessage(msg ServerFinalMessage) error {
 // Reset clears client state for retry
 func (c *ScramClient) Reset() {
 	c.clientNonce = ""
-	c.serverFirst = nil
+	c.state = scramClientIdle
+	c.handshakeUsername = ""
 	c.authMessage = ""
+	clear(c.serverKey)
 	c.serverKey = nil
 	c.startTime = time.Time{}
 }

scram_fuzz_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func FuzzScramServerMessages(f *testing.F) {
+	s := NewScramServer()
+	f.Cleanup(s.Stop)
+	f.Add("unknown", "nonce", base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(make([]byte, 32)))
+	f.Add("", "", "")
+	f.Add("a,n=b", "nonce", "!!!")
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, username, nonce, proof string) {
+		first, err := s.ProcessClientFirstMessage(username, nonce)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		// No credential is registered, so even syntactically valid proofs fail.
+		_, err = s.ProcessClientFinalMessage(first.FullNonce, proof)
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("unknown account authenticated")
+		}
+		_, err = s.ProcessClientFinalMessage(first.FullNonce, proof)
+		errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMInvalidNonce, "failed proof consumed")
+		if handshakeCount(s) != 0 {
+			t.Fatal("handshake leaked")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func FuzzScramClientMessages(f *testing.F) {
+	f.Add("server", base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(make([]byte, 16)), uint32(1), uint32(8), uint8(1), "")
+	f.Add("", "!!!", uint32(0), uint32(0), uint8(0), "!!!")
+	f.Add("server", "", uint32(16), uint32(MaxVerifyArgonMemory), uint8(16), "")
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, suffix, salt string, iterations, memory uint32, threads uint8, signature string) {
+		// Invalid costs exercise production rejection. Valid costs are restricted
+		// to tiny test profiles so fuzzing cannot multiply expensive KDF work.
+		if checkScramCost(memory, iterations, threads) == nil && (memory > 64 || iterations > 2 || threads > 2) {
+			return
+		}
+		c := NewScramClient("u", "password123", WithMinArgonCost(1, 8))
+		first, err := c.StartAuthentication()
+		noErr(t, err, "start")
+		msg := ServerFirstMessage{FullNonce: first.ClientNonce + suffix, Salt: salt, ArgonTime: iterations, ArgonMemory: memory, ArgonThreads: threads}
+		proof, err := c.ProcessServerFirstMessage(msg)
+		if err != nil {
+			if proof.FullNonce != "" || proof.ClientProof != "" || c.serverKey != nil {
+				t.Fatal("state/values survived error")
+			}
+			return
+		}
+		if proof.FullNonce != msg.FullNonce {
+			t.Fatal("nonce not bound")
+		}
+		_ = c.VerifyServerFinalMessage(ServerFinalMessage{ServerSignature: signature})
+		errIs(t, c.VerifyServerFinalMessage(ServerFinalMessage{ServerSignature: signature}), ErrSCRAMInvalidState, "final consumed")
+		if c.serverKey != nil {
+			t.Fatal("server key survived final")
+		}
+	})
+}

scram_test.go

@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/argon2"
 )
 
+func newTestScramClient(username, password string) *ScramClient {
+	return NewScramClient(username, password, WithMinArgonCost(testArgonTime, testArgonMemory))
+}
+
 func newTestServer(t *testing.T) *ScramServer {
 	t.Helper()
 	s := NewScramServer()
@@ -36,7 +40,7 @@ func setupScram(t *testing.T) (*ScramServer, string, string, *Credential) {
 	const username, password = "testuser", "SecurePassword123"
 	cred := testCredential(t, username, password)
 	s := newTestServer(t)
-	s.AddCredential(cred)
+	noErr(t, s.AddCredential(cred), "AddCredential")
 	return s, username, password, cred
 }
 
@@ -49,7 +53,7 @@ func handshakeCount(s *ScramServer) int {
 // startHandshake drives a fresh client to the point where a proof is pending.
 func startHandshake(t *testing.T, s *ScramServer, username, password string) ClientFinalRequest {
 	t.Helper()
-	c := NewScramClient(username, password)
+	c := newTestScramClient(username, password)
 	first, err := c.StartAuthentication()
 	noErr(t, err, "StartAuthentication")
 	serverFirst, err := s.ProcessClientFirstMessage(first.Username, first.ClientNonce)
@@ -81,19 +85,19 @@ func runHandshake(s *ScramServer, c *ScramClient) error {
 
 func TestScramRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
 	s, user, pw, _ := setupScram(t)
-	noErr(t, runHandshake(s, NewScramClient(user, pw)), "handshake")
+	noErr(t, runHandshake(s, newTestScramClient(user, pw)), "handshake")
 	eq(t, handshakeCount(s), 0, "handshake retained after success")
 }
 
 func TestScramWrongPassword(t *testing.T) {
 	s, user, _, _ := setupScram(t)
-	errIs(t, runHandshake(s, NewScramClient(user, "WrongPassword!!!")), ErrInvalidCredentials, "wrong password")
+	errIs(t, runHandshake(s, newTestScramClient(user, "WrongPassword!!!")), ErrInvalidCredentials, "wrong password")
 	eq(t, handshakeCount(s), 0, "handshake retained after failure")
 }
 
 func TestScramUnknownUser(t *testing.T) {
 	s, _, _, cred := setupScram(t)
-	c := NewScramClient("unknown_user", "any_password")
+	c := newTestScramClient("unknown_user", "any_password")
 
 	first, err := c.StartAuthentication()
 	noErr(t, err, "StartAuthentication")
@@ -151,7 +155,7 @@ func TestScramDecoySaltMultiBlock(t *testing.T) {
 	s := newTestServer(t)
 	cred := testCredential(t, "u", "SecurePassword123")
 	cred.Salt = make([]byte, 48) // exceeds one HMAC-SHA256 block
-	s.AddCredential(cred)
+	noErr(t, s.AddCredential(cred), "AddCredential")
 
 	msg, err := s.ProcessClientFirstMessage("ghost", "n")
 	noErr(t, err, "first message")
@@ -249,7 +253,7 @@ func TestScramTimeouts(t *testing.T) {
 	errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMInvalidNonce, "expired handshake consumed")
 
 	// client-side clock
-	c := NewScramClient(user, pw)
+	c := newTestScramClient(user, pw)
 	_, err = c.StartAuthentication()
 	noErr(t, err, "StartAuthentication")
 	c.startTime = time.Now().Add(-2 * ScramHandshakeTimeout)
@@ -262,6 +266,8 @@ func TestScramTimeouts(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMTimeout, "client timeout on server-first")
 
+	c.state = scramClientAwaitFinal
+	c.startTime = time.Now().Add(-2 * ScramHandshakeTimeout)
 	c.authMessage = "seeded"
 	c.serverKey = make([]byte, sha256.Size)
 	errIs(t, c.VerifyServerFinalMessage(ServerFinalMessage{}), ErrSCRAMTimeout, "client timeout on server-final")
@@ -349,67 +355,82 @@ func TestScramStopIdempotent(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestScramClientState(t *testing.T) {
 	s, user, pw, _ := setupScram(t)
-	c := NewScramClient(user, pw)
-
-	errIs(t, c.VerifyServerFinalMessage(ServerFinalMessage{}), ErrSCRAMInvalidState, "unstarted client")
-
-	first, err := c.StartAuthentication()
-	noErr(t, err, "StartAuthentication")
-	serverFirst, err := s.ProcessClientFirstMessage(first.Username, first.ClientNonce)
-	noErr(t, err, "ProcessClientFirstMessage")
-	final, err := c.ProcessServerFirstMessage(serverFirst)
-	noErr(t, err, "ProcessServerFirstMessage")
-	serverFinal, err := s.ProcessClientFinalMessage(final.FullNonce, final.ClientProof)
-	noErr(t, err, "ProcessClientFinalMessage")
-
-	tampered := serverFinal
-	tampered.ServerSignature = base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(make([]byte, sha256.Size))
-	errIs(t, c.VerifyServerFinalMessage(tampered), ErrSCRAMServerAuthFailed, "forged signature")
-	tampered.ServerSignature = "!!!"
-	errIs(t, c.VerifyServerFinalMessage(tampered), ErrSCRAMServerAuthFailed, "malformed signature")
-	noErr(t, c.VerifyServerFinalMessage(serverFinal), "valid signature")
-
-	c.Reset()
-	errIs(t, c.VerifyServerFinalMessage(serverFinal), ErrSCRAMInvalidState, "after reset")
-	next, err := c.StartAuthentication()
-	noErr(t, err, "restart")
-	if next.ClientNonce == first.ClientNonce {
-		t.Fatal("client nonce reused after Reset")
+	c := newTestScramClient(user, pw)
+	_, err := c.ProcessServerFirstMessage(ServerFirstMessage{})
+	errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMInvalidState, "challenge before start")
+	errIs(t, c.VerifyServerFinalMessage(ServerFinalMessage{}), ErrSCRAMInvalidState, "final before start")
+	for _, mode := range []string{"valid", "forged", "malformed", "wrong identity", "restart"} {
+		t.Run(mode, func(t *testing.T) {
+			first, err := c.StartAuthentication()
+			noErr(t, err, "start")
+			challenge, err := s.ProcessClientFirstMessage(first.Username, first.ClientNonce)
+			noErr(t, err, "challenge")
+			proof, err := c.ProcessServerFirstMessage(challenge)
+			noErr(t, err, "proof")
+			final, err := s.ProcessClientFinalMessage(proof.FullNonce, proof.ClientProof)
+			noErr(t, err, "final")
+			switch mode {
+			case "forged":
+				final.ServerSignature = base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(make([]byte, sha256.Size))
+			case "malformed":
+				final.ServerSignature = "!!!"
+			case "wrong identity":
+				final.Username = "other"
+			case "restart":
+				_, err := c.StartAuthentication()
+				noErr(t, err, "restart")
+			}
+			err = c.VerifyServerFinalMessage(final)
+			if mode == "valid" {
+				noErr(t, err, "valid signature")
+			} else if mode == "restart" {
+				errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMInvalidState, "old final after restart")
+			} else {
+				errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMServerAuthFailed, "invalid signature")
+			}
+			errIs(t, c.VerifyServerFinalMessage(final), ErrSCRAMInvalidState, "consumed state")
+			if c.serverKey != nil {
+				t.Fatal("server key retained")
+			}
+		})
 	}
 }
 
 func TestScramClientRejectsBadServerFirst(t *testing.T) {
-	c := NewScramClient("u", "SecurePassword123")
-	_, err := c.StartAuthentication()
-	noErr(t, err, "StartAuthentication")
-
-	_, err = c.ProcessServerFirstMessage(ServerFirstMessage{
-		FullNonce: "n", Salt: "!!!",
-		ArgonTime: testArgonTime, ArgonMemory: testArgonMemory, ArgonThreads: testArgonThreads,
-	})
-	errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMInvalidSalt, "salt encoding")
-
-	// ☢ no upper bound is applied to server-supplied cost parameters
-	good := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(make([]byte, 16))
-	for _, msg := range []ServerFirstMessage{
-		{FullNonce: "n", Salt: good, ArgonTime: 0, ArgonMemory: testArgonMemory, ArgonThreads: 1},
-		{FullNonce: "n", Salt: good, ArgonTime: 1, ArgonMemory: 0, ArgonThreads: 1},
-		{FullNonce: "n", Salt: good, ArgonTime: 1, ArgonMemory: testArgonMemory, ArgonThreads: 0},
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name   string
+		mutate func(*ServerFirstMessage)
+		want   error
+	}{
+		{"nonce prefix", func(m *ServerFirstMessage) { m.FullNonce = "unrelated" }, ErrSCRAMInvalidNonce},
+		{"nonce no suffix", func(m *ServerFirstMessage) { m.FullNonce = strings.TrimSuffix(m.FullNonce, "server") }, ErrSCRAMInvalidNonce},
+		{"nonce delimiter", func(m *ServerFirstMessage) { m.FullNonce += ",r=x" }, ErrSCRAMInvalidNonce},
+		{"nonce oversized", func(m *ServerFirstMessage) { m.FullNonce += strings.Repeat("x", MaxFullNonceLen) }, ErrSCRAMInvalidNonce},
+		{"salt encoding", func(m *ServerFirstMessage) { m.Salt = "!!!" }, ErrSCRAMInvalidSalt},
+		{"salt short", func(m *ServerFirstMessage) { m.Salt = base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(make([]byte, 15)) }, ErrSCRAMSaltTooShort},
+		{"salt oversized", func(m *ServerFirstMessage) { m.Salt = strings.Repeat("A", 10000) }, ErrSCRAMInvalidSalt},
+		{"zero time", func(m *ServerFirstMessage) { m.ArgonTime = 0 }, ErrSCRAMZeroParams},
+		{"zero threads", func(m *ServerFirstMessage) { m.ArgonThreads = 0 }, ErrSCRAMZeroParams},
+		{"low memory", func(m *ServerFirstMessage) { m.ArgonMemory = 1 }, ErrSCRAMZeroParams},
+		{"high memory", func(m *ServerFirstMessage) { m.ArgonMemory = MaxVerifyArgonMemory + 1 }, ErrSCRAMParamsTooLarge},
+		{"high work", func(m *ServerFirstMessage) { m.ArgonMemory = MaxVerifyArgonMemory; m.ArgonTime = MaxVerifyArgonTime }, ErrSCRAMParamsTooLarge},
 	} {
-		_, err = c.ProcessServerFirstMessage(msg)
-		errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMZeroParams, "zero parameter")
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			c := newTestScramClient("u", "SecurePassword123")
+			first, err := c.StartAuthentication()
+			noErr(t, err, "start")
+			msg := ServerFirstMessage{FullNonce: first.ClientNonce + "server", Salt: base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(make([]byte, 16)), ArgonTime: testArgonTime, ArgonMemory: testArgonMemory, ArgonThreads: testArgonThreads}
+			tc.mutate(&msg)
+			_, err = c.ProcessServerFirstMessage(msg)
+			errIs(t, err, tc.want, tc.name)
+			_, err = c.ProcessServerFirstMessage(msg)
+			errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMInvalidState, "failure consumed state")
+		})
 	}
-
-	// A hostile server cannot dictate an unbounded KDF
-	_, err = c.ProcessServerFirstMessage(ServerFirstMessage{
-		FullNonce: "n", Salt: good,
-		ArgonTime: 1, ArgonMemory: MaxVerifyArgonMemory + 1, ArgonThreads: 1,
-	})
-	errIs(t, err, ErrSCRAMParamsTooLarge, "memory over ceiling")
 }
 
 func TestScramClientOversizedPassword(t *testing.T) {
-	c := NewScramClient("u", strings.Repeat("a", MaxPasswordLen+1))
+	c := newTestScramClient("u", strings.Repeat("a", MaxPasswordLen+1))
 	_, err := c.StartAuthentication()
 	errIs(t, err, ErrPasswordTooLong, "oversized password rejected before the KDF")
 }
@@ -432,8 +453,8 @@ func TestScramMigratedNonStandardDigest(t *testing.T) {
 	eq(t, len(cred.StoredKey), sha256.Size, "stored key length")
 
 	s := newTestServer(t)
-	s.AddCredential(cred)
-	noErr(t, runHandshake(s, NewScramClient(user, pw)), "handshake with migrated credential")
+	noErr(t, s.AddCredential(cred), "AddCredential")
+	noErr(t, runHandshake(s, newTestScramClient(user, pw)), "handshake with migrated credential")
 }
 
 func TestDeriveCredential(t *testing.T) {
@@ -515,8 +536,8 @@ func TestCredentialExportImportRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// an imported credential must still authenticate
 	s := newTestServer(t)
-	s.AddCredential(imported)
-	noErr(t, runHandshake(s, NewScramClient("roundtrip", "SecurePassword123")), "handshake after import")
+	noErr(t, s.AddCredential(imported), "AddCredential")
+	noErr(t, runHandshake(s, newTestScramClient("roundtrip", "SecurePassword123")), "handshake after import")
 }
 
 func TestImportCredentialErrors(t *testing.T) {
@@ -590,7 +611,7 @@ func TestScramConcurrentSameUser(t *testing.T) {
 		wg.Add(1)
 		go func() {
 			defer wg.Done()
-			errs <- runHandshake(s, NewScramClient(user, pw))
+			errs <- runHandshake(s, newTestScramClient(user, pw))
 		}()
 	}
 	wg.Wait()
@@ -616,7 +637,7 @@ func TestScramConcurrentMixedTraffic(t *testing.T) {
 		wg.Add(1)
 		go func() {
 			defer wg.Done()
-			s.AddCredential(cred)
+			noErr(t, s.AddCredential(cred), "AddCredential")
 		}()
 	}
 	for i := range 16 {
@@ -677,10 +698,12 @@ func BenchmarkScramHandshake(b *testing.B) {
 	}
 	s := NewScramServer()
 	defer s.Stop()
-	s.AddCredential(cred)
+	if err := s.AddCredential(cred); err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
 
 	for b.Loop() {
-		c := NewScramClient(user, pw)
+		c := newTestScramClient(user, pw)
 		first, err := c.StartAuthentication()
 		if err != nil {
 			b.Fatal(err)

token.go

@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 )
 
-// SimpleTokenValidator implements in-memory token validation
+// SimpleTokenValidator is a concurrent in-memory allowlist of opaque tokens.
+// Its zero value is ready to use. Tokens have no automatic expiration; use JWT
+// for signed expiry or RemoveToken for explicit revocation.
 type SimpleTokenValidator struct {
 	tokens map[[32]byte]struct{} // keyed by SHA-256(token)
 	mu     sync.RWMutex
@@ -20,6 +22,9 @@ func NewSimpleTokenValidator() *SimpleTokenValidator {
 
 // ValidateToken checks if token is valid
 func (v *SimpleTokenValidator) ValidateToken(token string) bool {
+	if token == "" || len(token) > MaxTokenLen {
+		return false
+	}
 	h := sha256.Sum256([]byte(token))
 	v.mu.RLock()
 	defer v.mu.RUnlock()
@@ -27,16 +32,26 @@ func (v *SimpleTokenValidator) ValidateToken(token string) bool {
 	return ok
 }
 
-// AddToken adds token to validator
+// AddToken adds a token to the allowlist. Empty and oversized tokens are ignored.
+// Provision high-entropy tokens, e.g. with crypto/rand.Text; do not use passwords.
 func (v *SimpleTokenValidator) AddToken(token string) {
+	if token == "" || len(token) > MaxTokenLen {
+		return
+	}
 	h := sha256.Sum256([]byte(token))
 	v.mu.Lock()
 	defer v.mu.Unlock()
+	if v.tokens == nil {
+		v.tokens = make(map[[32]byte]struct{})
+	}
 	v.tokens[h] = struct{}{}
 }
 
 // RemoveToken removes token from validator
 func (v *SimpleTokenValidator) RemoveToken(token string) {
+	if token == "" || len(token) > MaxTokenLen {
+		return
+	}
 	h := sha256.Sum256([]byte(token))
 	v.mu.Lock()
 	defer v.mu.Unlock()

token_test.go

@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ func TestSimpleTokenValidator(t *testing.T) {
 	v.AddToken(second)
 	eq(t, len(v.tokens), 1, "entry count after duplicate adds")
 
-	// the empty token is storable and matches only itself
+	// an empty credential must never grant access
 	v.AddToken("")
-	isTrue(t, v.ValidateToken(""), "empty token accepted once added")
+	isTrue(t, !v.ValidateToken(""), "empty token rejected")
 	v.RemoveToken("")
 	isTrue(t, !v.ValidateToken(""), "empty token removed")
 }
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ func TestSimpleTokenValidator(t *testing.T) {
 func TestSimpleTokenValidatorKeying(t *testing.T) {
 	v := NewSimpleTokenValidator()
 	tokens := []string{
-		"", "a", "a\x00b", "a\x00c", "🔑", strings.Repeat("a", 1<<16),
+		"a", "a\x00b", "a\x00c", "🔑", strings.Repeat("a", MaxTokenLen),
 	}
 	for _, tok := range tokens {
 		v.AddToken(tok)